1) Gay-Lussac typically began his experiments at the freezing point of water with a volume of 100 (in some unspecified volume units). Use Charles' law to predict the volume of the gas (in the same units) at the boiling point of water.
2) Gay-Lussac found that the volume of gas was 100 when the temperature was 0°C; when the temperature was 100°C, the volume was 137.50. The Kelvin temperature scale had not been developed when Gay-Lussac carried out his experiments. (Indeed, Kelvin had not yet been born.) Gay-Lussac worked with the Celsius temperature scale. Charles' law with the temperature expressed in °C says:
V = mt + b ,where m and b are constants.
3) Gay-Lussac made several measurements of the same quantity, as is common procedure in careful work. The following table contains multiple measurements of the volume of atmospheric air at the boiling point of water, expanded from 100 volume units at the freezing point of water and multiple measurements of oxygen under the same conditions.
a) Report the mean mass and standard deviation of the volume of atmospheric air and of the oxygen.
Atmospheric air Oxygen 137.40 137.47 137.61 137.54 137.44 137.45 137.55 137.48 137.57
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