•Many
industry‑wide agreements had grievance procedures
–Typically
proceed step wise as in U.S.‑ Most grievances settled in plant
–Often
terminated by strike‑i.e. deal similarly with disputes over interests and
rights
–Since
agreements not enforceable, these procedures aren't either
•Widespread
habit of ignoring or short‑circuiting the procedure
–1st
level supervision often by‑passed
–Unconstitutional
strikes ‑ in past quite prevalent in engineering industry