II‑ Substantive Bargaining Issues
•Wages
•Work Hours
•Holidays and vacations
•Overtime premia
•Shift premia
•Union Security
•Local work rules
•Piece rates and incentive rates
Wages
   Since WWII treated as minima
   Most other conditions treated as standard

Work Hours
   Second highest annual hours in course after Canada and lowest average vacations and holidays
   EU Work Time Directive limits hours to 48 per week unless the nation allows workers to opt out voluntarily
   Britain virtually the only major EU nation to permit opt outs
   1/3 of work force has requested to opt out
   EU suspects workers being coerced by employers and has launched investigation

Holidays and vacations
   Must total 20 paid days, again based on EU Directive