I‑ 1950s and 1960s
•No compulsion to recognize
•No obligation to bargain
•No prohibition of victimization
•Almost no regulation of bargaining content
•Almost no regulation of industrial conflict
•Agreements not enforceable in court & often of no specified duration
•Voluntarism
Voluntarism
   These characteristics widely described by this term
   Rarely did British IR issues end up in court.  Labor and Management were left to work things out for themselves
   Hardly and labor lawyers at all