Industrial Relations in Germany‑ Contexts, Ideology, and Unions

II‑ Grievance Procedures

Labor Courts

•Exist at local, regional and federal level, all tri‑partite

•Individual employees can go to labor courts

•Decide all individual and most collective disputes except those over new terms and conditions

•Though tri‑partite, overwhelming majority of decisions unanimous


	Individual employees can go to labor courts
		But free advice and representation from unions usually provided

	Decide all individual and most collective disputes except those over new terms and conditions
		Disputes between employee and employer, with or without a collective bargaining agreement
		Disputes between union and employer
		Disputes between works council and employer