Industrial Relations in Germany‑ Contexts, Ideology, and Unions

IV‑ Worker Organizations – the Current Period

•1994 37% of all employees in unions

•Largest union was metal workers which has lost membership but is now service workers

•Public employment more organized than private ~75% level

•Long history of promoting women's issues and women as union officers


	1994 37% of all employees in unions
		including civil servants
		Peaked in 1951 at 50%
		bit < Italy, close to Canada
		2000 about 30% and 2002 a bit lower

	Largest union was metal workers which has lost membership
		Now down to about 2.7 million
		United Service Sector Union (Ver.di) comes from 2001 merger of five other unions and now has over 3 million members