I‑ Rulemaking ‑Public Policy
•Procedural
•Before 1960s little government regulation
•Still no regulation of bargaining units or representation rights or which issues subject to bargaining
•1959 ‑ agreements given legal status as minimum standards covering all employees
•Growing role for legislation since late 1960s
–Workers Statute ‑ 1970 ‑ single most significant statute
–Every employee 10 paid hours year for union business
–These rights available only to representative unions
Before 1960s little government regulation
   Right to unionize and strike enshrined in constitution
   Seen as barriers to Fascism
   Reflected view that employers has cooperated much to willingly with Mussolini

1959 ‑ agreements given legal status as minimum standards covering all employees
   Nationally for national or in the industry if industry‑wide agreement
   Agreements extended to cover entire industries so there is no non-collective bargaining option

Workers Statute ‑ 1970
Legalized union representation at the work place
Banned some employer anti‑union practices including victimization of union representatives at the work place (BLW)

Every employee 10 paid hours year for union business
   Often used to pay one full‑time shop steward

These rights available only to representative unions
   Law doesn't define this but clearly includes three major confederations