II. General Approaches of Current Law
•Most statutes have procedure to certify majority union as exclusive agent and require bargaining. 
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•Elections, if held at all, usually held promptly, unlike in USA
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•Only union can file certification petition
Most statutes have procedure to certify majority union as exclusive agent and require bargaining.
   Usually no elections, membership records often sufficient although in some cases require supermajority without election.     1990s Newfoundland and Ontario repealed provisions allowing certification without election

Elections, if held at all, usually held promptly, unlike in USA
   In Ontario they must be held within 5 days of union petition
   Prevents employer mounting anti-union campaign

Only union can file certification petition.
   Not employee or employer
   Unlike USA