Ernest Solvay received patent entitled "Industrial Production of Sodium Carbonate by Means of Marine Salt, Ammonia, and Carbon Dioxide" (Solvay process) in 1861. (This more detailed article on the Solvay Process may be available only to ACS members or subscribers.)
Stefanie Horovitz born 1887: accurate atomic weights of lead from different sources supported isotope concept for stable elements; killed at Treblinka extermination camp
Robert Robertson born 1869: explosives; amatol (ammonium nitrate/TNT); infrared spectroscopy.
Joseph Priestley ignited a mixture of "inflammable air" (hydrogen) and common air, 1781, and noted that the explosion was not as powerful as can be obtained from gunpowder. He failed to recognize (as Cavendish, Lavoisier, and Watt did soon afterwards) that the two gases combine to form water.