PSY 101 Introductory Psychology

Instructor: Vincent W. Hevern, S.J., Ph.D.

 Fall 2008

Learning
Reflexes

Classical (reflex or Pavlovian) conditioning

Unconditioned stimulus (US)

Unconditoned response (UR)

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

Conditioned response (CR)

Extinction of CR

Spontaneous recovery of CR

Stimulus generalization

Stimulus discrimination

Higher order conditioning

Law of Effect (Instrumental Conditioning)

Operant conditioning

Reinforcement

Positive reinforcement

Negative reinforcement

Punishment

Discriminative stimuli

Generalized responses

Schedules of reinforcement

Fixed interval schedule

Fixed ratio schedule

Variable interval schedule

Variable ratio schedule

"Garcia" effect

Applied behavioral analysis

Observational Learning/Social modeling

• What is "learning" to a psychologist?
• What are examples of reflexes in humans?
  
• Classical conditioning as a theory of "signaling"
• Pavlov's experiments with conditioning dogs to salivate
• Watson's experiment with Little Albert: Fear conditioning
• Examples of classical conditioning in everyday life, e.g., fears, phobias, political advertisements
• Skinner's theory of "operant" conditioning
• "Skinner Box" - components
• Positive reinforcement: examples
• Difference between negative reinforcement & punishment
• Advantages of variable over fixed schedules of reinforcement
• Learning "predispositions"
• Garcia effect as "one shot learning"
• Mental disorders as defined by their behaviors
• Token economy
• Principle of positive reinforcement over punishment
• What did Bandura discover about the effects of adult modeling on children in his Bobo doll experiments?
  

Ivan Pavlov

"Motivation"

Lateral hypothalamus

Ventromedial hypothalamus

Paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH)

Neuropeptide Y

Glucose

Glucostatic Theory

Hormones

Leptin

Insulin

Excitement phase

Plateau phase

Orgasm

Resolution phase

Refractory period

Parental Investment Theory

Sexual Orientation

Display Rules

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

Schachter's Two-Factor Theory of Emotion

Cognitive Appraisal

• Drive ("push") vs. Incentive ("pull" vs. Evolutionary theories of motivation
  
• Biological factors affecting hunger
• Effects of PVH neurotransmitter injections
• Role of hormones in hunger
• Environmental factors affecting hunger
• Human Sexual Response Cycle (HSRC)
• HSRC - Patterns of Sexual Response by Women (Masters & Johnson)
• Evolutionary Psychology & Sexual Behavior
  • Sexual Activity
  • Mate Preference
  • Relationship Jealousy
• Critiques of Evolutionary Theory
• Difficulties with the homosexual-heterosexual distinction
• Prevalence of Homosexuality
• Homosexuality: Scientific evidence regarding psychoanalytic & behavioral theories
• Homosexuality and early male behavior in stereotypical feminine roles
• Genetic similarity & homosexuality
• Anatomical differences & homosexuality
• The elements of emotional experience
  • Cognitive
  • Physiological
  • Behavioral
• Ekman & Facial Expression of Emotion
• Cross-Cultural Similarities/Differences vis-a-vis emotion
• Theories of Emotion
• Evolutionary Theories of Emotion: Darwin & Modern Theorists

William Masters & Virginia Johnson

Helen Singer Kaplan

Alfred Kinsey

Robert Trivers

David Buss

Simon LeVay

Paul Ekman

Stanley SchachterRobert Plutchik

Charles Darwin

Embryonic stage

Fetal stage

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Cephalocaudal development

Poximodistal development

Maturation in development

Developmental norms

Temperament

Attachment

"Stage"

Identity

Operations

Sensorimotor stage

Object permanence

Preoperational stage

Egocentric vs. socialized thinking

Decentration

Concrete operational stage

Reversability

Conservation

Formal operational stage

Pubescence

Puberty

Primary sexual characteristics

Secondary sexual characteristics

Identity foreclosure

Identity moratorium

Identity diffusion

Identity achievement

• Stages of prenatal development (germinal, embryonic, fetal)
• Environmental risk factors to fetal development
• Temperment styles
• Forms of attachment (secure, anxious-ambivalent, avoidant)
• Stage Theory: fundamental beliefs
• Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
• Critique of Erikson's theory
• Piaget's stages of cognitive development
• Critique of Piaget's theory
• Adolescence as stormy/peaceful stage
• The notion of "Identity status"

Stella Chess & Alexander Thomas

Mary Ainsworth

Erik Erikson

Jean Piaget

James Marcia

"Personality"

Neuroticism

Extroversion

Introversion

Conscientiousness

Psychodynamic

Id

Libido

Aggression

Ego

Superego

Pleasure Principle

Reality Principle

Perfection Principle

Conscious

Preconscious

Unconscious

Oral Stage

Anal Stage

Phallic Stage

Latency

Genital Stage

Analytic Psychology

Personal Unconscious

Collective Unconscious
Archetypes

Psychological Determinism

Self-Concept

• "Big Five"/Five-Factor Theory
• Psychodynamic/Psychoanalytic Theory
• Freud's Models of the Personality
• Levels of Awareness Model
• Structure of the Self Model
  
• Primary vs. Secondary Process Thinking
• Sources of Conflict in Freudian Theory
• Sources of Anxiety in Freudian Theory
• Psychosexual Stages of Development
• Oedipal Crisis for Males/Females
• Extraversion-Introvesion in personality
• Positive contributions of psychodynamic theory
• What is wrong with psychodynamic theory
• What is the Person-Situation Consistency controvery?
• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: What does it imply about how we develop?
• Genetic basis of personality
• "Eastern" (Asian) vs. "Western" (American) Self

Robert McCrae & Paul Costa

Sigmund Freud

Walter Mischel

Abraham Maslow

Hazel Markus & Shinobu Kitayama