ࡱ> khij}I(8 / 0LDArialԖe0Ԗ0ll-a0@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` ( \XO      !"#$%&'()*+,-./23456789:;<=>?@ABCEFGHIJLMNOPRSTUVW 0AA@oʚ;rEm-ʚ;g4WdWd|& -a0ppp@ <4dddd8))0l 0___PPT10 ___PPT9-?  %>Labor Political Activity Class 1 or 3Administrative0Not too early to be studying for the final exam JReview  Unions and the Disadvantaged&&(Unions racist and sexist but perhaps less so than the society as a whole Law forbids union discrimination or union to cause employer to discriminate Women and minorities making some gains in getting to union office but still significantly underrepresentedTodayLThe Pre-AFL Period The AFL Period The Split Period The Post-Merger PeriodM" MI. The Pre-AFL PeriodEarly Labor Parties Workingmen s Party of Philadelphia Growth of workers parties in the 1830s Died out by end of the Jacksonian Period  uv   Late 19th Century$ ^Workingmen s Party of the United States National Greenback Labor Party New York Mayoral Election  1886 Unions joined together and nominated Henry George Who was Henry George?&hHhHII. The AFL Period>Early objective of political action  ease legal restrictions on unions Approach to politics  voluntarism Opposed a labor party Relied exclusively on lobbying&k5k5 Early Electoral ActivityPrompted by increased use of injunctions 1906 campaigned against Chair of House Judiciary Committee Gompers began to take personal public positions on presidential elections Election of 19241922 Chicago meeting formed the Conference for Progressive Political Action Republicans nominated Coolidge and Democrats nominated John W. Davis C.P.P.A. then nominated Senator Robert LaFollette of Wisconsin CPPA Platform 1924fGovernment ownership of railroads Relief for farmers Anti monopoly Anti injunction Favored constitutional amendment to limit Supreme Court's power to invalidate laws of Congress $ 1924 ElectionAFL Executive Council hesitated but formally endorsed LaFollette LaFollette won 17% of the vote Still, AFL viewed this as disaster III. The Period of the Split^Changes in the Democratic Party Entered 1920's with predominantly Anglo Saxon, Protestant, Rural tradition 1928 the forces of the urban areas, new immigrants, Catholics, Jews, eastern working class, rallied around Al Smith and secured him nomination Helped establish Democrats as party of working class $ ZZ0The CIO and Political ActionLabor's Non Partisan League supported FDR in 1936 Lewis supported Willkie in 1940 CIO PAC supported Roosevelt in 1944 AFL in the Split PeriodPassage of Taft-Hartley Use of National Emergency Injunctions These convinced the AFL of the need to get involved politically Prior to 1952 election, AFL established Labor s League for Political Education IV. The Post-Merger PeriodStructure Electoral Activities and lobbying separate AFL CIO COPE Policy Supported Democratic candidate in every election through 1968 1972 rejected McGovern Have supported Democratic candidate in every election since 1972T Z:ZZZ :  Next TimehPublic Policy on Labor Electoral Activity Labor Lobbying Activity Importance of Labor Political Activity)Labor Political Activity`Class 2 of 3 Recent Elections and COPE S Tactics1AdministrativeFinal exam reminder If you haven t seen me about your essay, you must do that Quiz reminderD'JReview  Unions and the Disadvantaged&&(Unions racist and sexist but perhaps less so than the society as a whole Law forbids union discrimination or union to cause employer to discriminate Women and minorities making some gains in getting to union office but still significantly underrepresented *ReviewLabor Parties largely disappeared due to lack of class consciousness and their issues being absorbed by major parties Gradual shift from non-political stance to active participation in electoral politics Non-partisanship and relationship to Democrats+Today\Recent Elections COPE s Electoral Techniques /" /I. Recent Elections}Supported Clinton Supported Gore in 2000 Large independent expenditures in 1996 and 2000 Congressional races Impact on VotingA&I. 2004 Election2004 both union-supported Democratic candidates eliminated Supported John Kerry Money spent (much greater than money donated) Union voters P.I. 2006 ElectionUnions worked extremely hard to elect a Democratic Congress Central NY Labor Council endorsed mostly Democrats but a few RepublicansI)I. 2008 ElectionChange in business PAC donations between 2006 and 2007 February 2008, several major unions came out for Obama Some unions have supported Clinton Most major unions will support the Democrat, whoever it is, against Republican John McCainh  >II. COPE s Electoral TechniquesCOPE structure Divided into national, state and local bodies National COPE Headed by former CWA Political Director Steve Rosenthal Endorses presidential candidates State endorsements largely based on National COPE s ratings of Congressional representativesD==*">II. COPE s Strategy and TacticsNon-partisanship and relationship to the Democrats Financial Assistance to candidates Relatively small amounts of money compared to business PACs Still this is a sizable amount to Democrats who are normally outspent &VV#,II. Registration and Get-out-the-vote drives--( Identifying precincts which tend to vote Democratic Leafleting workplaces and homes in such areas Phoning on election day, driving people to polls, minding kids, etc.$>II. COPE s Strategy and TacticsVoter Education Loans of skilled organizational personnel to campaigns, often union officers on paid leave Organizational support more important than financial support Research indicates COPE endorsements and support do translate into more votes by unionists and their familiesR/ Next Time<Legal Regulation of Union Political Activity Union LobbyingJ*Labor and Politics Class 3 of 3K+Administrative'Have you all seen me about your essays?L,ReviewHistory of early labor union political activity including importance of voluntarism and non-partisanship Unions in recent elections Campaign strategy and tactics of COPEM-TodaymLegal Regulation of Labor Electoral Activity Labor Lobbying Activity Importance of Labor Political Activityn" n,/I. Legal Regulation of Labor Electoral Activity00(Prohibition on contribution of dues money to candidates in federal elections or expenditures related to federal elections Originated in Smith-Connally (1943) and continued in Taft-Hartley (1947) Corporations similarly restrictedzlO2I. Relevant CasesUSA v. CIO IAM v. Street CWA v. Beck 2001 President Bush issued Executive Order requiring federal contractors to post notices that workers are entitled to such rebates Lax Enforcement4 'I. Federal Election Campaign Act (1971)(((Excluded from the ban Union communications to members and their families on any subject permitted Non partisan registration and get out the vote drives aimed at members and their families permitted Activities financed by voluntary contributions permitted 5!I. 1974 (Watergate) Amendments(pA PAC (union, business or otherwise) cannot contribute more than $5000 to any candidate Buckley v. Valeo (1976)0X !qd>%I. McCain-Feingold (2002)Prohibits national party organizations from raising or spending certain types of soft money Prohibits federal candidates from raising or spending soft money Raised dollar limit on hard money contributions 8"I. Current Law 527 organizations are the new way around the soft money ban Individuals can give up to $25,000 per year to party organizations  soft money :#I. Unions under Current LawPUnion can use dues to establish a PAC and solicit contributions Unions may conduct nonpartisan or partisan "get out the vote" drives among members Unions may sponsor non partisan "get out the vote" drives among nonmembers only if co sponsored by a non partisan civic body, e.g. League of Women Voters A union may engage in unlimited independent expenditure (not solicited or controlled by the candidate) aimed at its membersPG(I. New York State LawCompanies can donate $5000 each to candidate But so can each subsidiary Can make unlimited donations to PACs, which can each donate up to $50,100 to each candidate Unions can donate $50,100 to candidate More to parties L-w'-w'-II. Lobbying ActivityAFL-CIO has full-time lobbying operation Often cooperate with other union lobbyists or even other specialist lobbyists: e.g. NAACP, Common Cause, AARP, etc. Effectiveness;$II. Lobbying IssuesNarrow areas of labor policy  regulation of collective bargaining and union affairs Broad areas of labor policy - affect union and nonunion employees Areas of general economic policy Areas of general social policy.+III. Importance of Labor Political Activity,,(BWho speaks for business interests? 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33___PPT10..-P+[W_D' ?= @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*X%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Yq%(+8+0+0 +Q  0 P(  r  S lZ `}     S \ `<$0  H  0޽h ? 339 1 ___PPT10 ..-~+[W_D' ?= @B D\' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*\%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*\%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(+8+0+0 + 0 P(  r  S e `}     S f `<$0  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10..-J+[W_D' ?= @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*>%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*?%(+8+0+0 +  0 f(  r  S o `}     S v `<$0  "p`PpH  0޽h ? 33  ___PPT10 ..-#d+[W_D* ' ?= @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*-%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*-%(+8+0+0 +c 0 (P(  (r ( S  `}    ( S  `<$0  H ( 0޽h ? 33KC___PPT10#..I+[W_D ' ?= @B Dn ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*(-%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*(-H%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*(H%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*(%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*(%(+8+0+(0 +Q  0 P(  r  S h `}     S h `<$0  H  0޽h ? 339 1 ___PPT10 ..- T]+[W_D' ?= @B D\' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*)%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*)%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(+8+0+0 +  0 f(  r  S  `}     S Ю `<$0  "p`PpH  0޽h ? 33  ___PPT10 ..-P+[W_D* ' ?= @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*U%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*U%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(+8+0+0 + 0 f(  r  S ( `}     S ܽp `<$0  "p`PpH  0޽h ? 33___PPT10..-ח]+[W_D' ?= @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*#%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*$C%(+8+0+0 +$ 0 $(  r  S  `}   r  S  `  H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.-A]0 2*4(  4^ 4 S 0RH   $ 4 c $|0 !   Workingmen s Party of Philadelphia Founded by Philadelphia Mechanics Union in 1828 World's First "Labor" party What is a Labor party? Growth of workers parties in the 1830s Supported free public education Supported abolition of imprisonment for debt Died out by end of the Jacksonian Period Workers identified too closely with population in general to adopt a class concious ideology that might find expression in a lasting third party Issues pre empted by the main stream parties #c)M*#c)M*, SmH 4 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.+¸ 0 bZ<(  <^ < S 0RH   T < c $=0 !   6Workingmen s Party of the United States Founded 1876 1877 became Socialist Labor Party Daniel DeLeon joined in 1890 and became its leader and public face National Greenback Labor Party Combination of agrarian and labor interests Favored easy money At high point, 1878 polled over a million votes and elected 14 members to Congress 1880 nominated General James Weaver for President but he won only 3% of the vote Who was Henry George Single tax on land Lost to Democrat Abram Hewitt but did finish ahead of Republican Theodore Rooseveltt(r!g(r!g ^H < 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.+ 6>0 @N(  @^ @ S 0RH   = @ c $0 !  = DOpposed a labor party Labor Party would be more interested in votes than working conditions, thus would form alliances compromising worker interests Relied exclusively on lobbying What is lobbying?L  H @ 0jB ? 3380___PPT10., 0 B:@P(  P^ P S 0RH   =4 P c $0 !  = "Prompted by increased use of injunctions Injunctions  led to philosophy of  Reward our friends and punish our enemies 1906 Campaigned& Congressman Littlefield of Maine Because wouldn t let anti-injunction bill pass or even get out of committee Re-elected despite AFL efforts Gompers began to take personal public positions 1908 favored Bryan over Taft  caused some dissension on AFL Executive Board who feared public confusion of Gompers position with AFL position. 1912 Gompers just opposed Taft, expressing no public preference between Roosevelt and Wilson 1916 Gompers supported Wilson over Hughes 1920 Gompers supported James M. Cox over Harding t)O1J)O1J H P 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.\,@ 0 A9PT(  T^ T S 0RH   =3 T c $0=0 !  = K1922 Chicago meeting formed the Conference for Progressive Political Action William Johnston, IAM, was the head Republicans nominated Coolidge and Democrats nominated John W. Davis Coolidge had come to vice presidency by breaking the Boston Police strike while Davis was a corporate lawyer every bit as conservative as Coolidge `L%FL%FH T 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.],@Q0  d(  d^ d S 0RH   = d c $.=0 !  = LaFollette won 17% of the vote LaFollette carried his home state of Wisconsin and finished second in 11 western states Still, AFL viewed this as disaster CPPA disbanded, and AFL refrained from supporting presidential candidates until 1950sLX$VX$V$  H d 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.^,0 TLp(  p^ p S 0RH   =F p c $W=0 !  = Helped establish Democrats as party of working class Many credit FDR with making the Democrats the party of the working class but it was really Al Smith&5d5dH p 0jB ? 3380___PPT10._,C0 )!t(  t^ t S 0RH   = t c $_=0 !  = 3The CIO and Political Action CIO much more political right from the beginning than the AFL Lewis supported Willkie in 1940 Lewis had fallen out with FDR Did Lewis perhaps want to be the Vice President Result of 1940 was that LNPL broke up, and Lewis resigned as CIO President and then led UMW out of CIO `?!?!H t 0jB ? 3380___PPT10._,{F0 :2(  ^  S 0RH   =,  c $Dn=0 !  = 0Electoral Activities and lobbying separate AFL-CIO has departments that do each 1972 rejection of McGovern Largely Meany s insistence Objected to anti-war stance and considered him soft on Communism Have always supported Democrat since 1972 But often without great enthusiasmt,%\,#,%\,# H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.i,`Pph0 x(  ^  S 0RH   =  c $=0 !  = nSupported Clinton Not very enthusiastically 2000 supported Gore Not great enthusiasm  issue in dispute was NAFTA and not happy with environmental policies either The UE and the California Nurses Assoc endorsed Nader s Green Party Large independent expenditures in 1996, 2000 and 2006 Congressional races Focusing on issues like social security, Medicare and education spending as well as minimum wage Impact on Voting Data indicate in Congressional races 62% union households voted for Democrats and 35% Republicans while in non-union households it was 45% Democratic and 53% Republican JaJa H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.i,J 0 PZ(  ^  S 0RH   =  c $x=0 !  = PDivided into national, state and local bodies With most money and endorsements coming at state level Endorses presidential candidates Actual decision on presidential endorsements comes from the Executive BoardL.7"L.7"LH  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.j,- 0 f ^ `(  ^  S 0RH   =X  c $8=0 !  = PNon-Partisanship and relationship to Democrats Rationale for non partisanship  Don't want to be taken for granted! Don't want Republicans to write them off, especially individual cooperative Republicans. Also very large minority of union members vote Republican and don t want to offend them. Occasionally endorse Republicans - Not all unions follow COPE recommendations. 2002 Teamsters endorsed three Republican candidates for governor. Carpenters, outside AFL-CIO, doubled percentage of contributions going to Republicans but Democrats still received 85% Relatively small amounts of money compared to business PACs 1996 in terms of direct contributions to candidates, labor outspent by business 7-1 In 1998 off-year elections, labor outspent by business 11-1 Still this is a sizable amount to Democrats who are normally outspent 92% union PAC contributions go to Democrats, 96% Corporate PAC contributions go to Republicans j/=6/  = 6  H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.l,v0 p(  ^  S 0RH   =  c $t=0 !  = |Registration and Get out the vote drives 1992 19% of electorate was union households 2000 26% was 2004 27% was So unions are being pretty successful at this Leafleting workplaces and homes in such areas 2000 sent out 12 million pieces of mail and gave out 14 million leaflets 2004 gave out 32 million leaflets Phoning on election day, driving people to polls, minding kids, etc. 2000 made 8 million phone calls 2004 made 100 million phone calls from 257 phone bankt*u/kHV*u/kHV H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.m,'up0 <4(  ^  S 0RH   =.  c $ =0 !  = Voter Education Articles and editorials in union newspapers Speeches and addresses by union officials Special Publications Much of this based on candidate evaluation Loans of skilled organizational personnel to campaigns, often union officers on paid leave In 2000 AFL-CIO had 1000 political coordinators and operatives in key congressional districts Organizational support more important than financial support This is where unions can really be helpful to a candidate. Most unionists don t contribute to COPE \^>d\^>dH  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.n,\0  l(  ^  S 0RH   =  c $d=0 !  = b Labor Parties 1996 two major unions sponsored founding of a labor party that was planning to concentrate on local elections 1998 AFL-CIO endorsed founding of New York s Working Families Party which advocated a strategy of endorsing major party candidates to build strength&H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.-`0 ~vP(  ^  S 0RH   >p  c $=0 !  > USA v CIO Law does not apply to political education In this case the cost of a union journal with an editorial favorable to one candidate IAM v Street In union shop, member can get reimbursement of dues money expended for non bargaining (i.e. political) purposes if member so chooses CWA v Beck (1988) Said union members need only pay that portion of their dues related to collective bargaining 2001 President Bush This was one of a series of four anti-union executive orders he issued at that time Lax Enforcement This whole section of Taft Hartley was enforced in a very lax fashion anyway, as were the rules for business until the 1970s ]T} ] T }H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.-$ 0 nfp(  ^  S 0RH   >`  c $ >0 !  > Activities financed by voluntary contributions This was how COPE acted under T H anyway &0*0*H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.-Q!0 0((  ^  S 0RH   >"  c $x3>0 !  > <Buckley v. Valeo (1976) Parts of 1974 amendments limiting independent expenditure in favor of candidates unconstitutional Origins of the  soft money problem& H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.- :}"0 (  ^  S 0RH   >  c $ :>0 !  > 527 organizations (named for provision of the tax code) are quasi-independent organizations that shadow the major parties and perform many of the party functions (e.g. mobilizing voters and running issue ads) but are not subject to McCain Feingold restrictions These included the George Soros group supporting Kerry and the Swift Boat Veterans attacking Kerry Latter group not really independent of the Bush campaign Last minute ads mentioning candidate names and aimed at constituents are illegal 30 days before primary and 60 days before general election but only if run by a corporation or a union Unincorporated non-profit organizations and individuals can still run them, 527 groups Requires disclosure of "electioneering communications" (defined above) in excess of $10,000 per year - upheld&   H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.- 0 .(  ^  S 0RH   >  c $P>0 !  > $Effectiveness Generally viewed by Congress as having very effective lobby Generally well informed about congressional opinion and procedure (know what concessions necessary where to sway an opinion) Well briefed and able to give good technical advice Example is the  America Needs a Raise Campaign beginning in after Sweeney came to office Produced legislation increasing the minimum wage Exception on narrow issues of labor law and labor policy  collective bargaining law and union regulation, in particular Lack of broad coalition on these issues Less discretion left to lobbyists themselves. Examples 1958 59 struggle over Landrum-Griffin 1965 66 attempt to repeal 14b 1977 78 Labor Law Reform 1993-94 Striker replacement law:R}R}H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.- N$0 ^(  ^  S 0RH   >   c $h>0 !  > T < Narrow labor Stricter penalties for employers violating labor laws, fewer limits on ability to picket, striker replacement, 1996 veto of Teamwork for Employees and Managers (TEAM) bill Now the Employee Free Choice Act  top priority of both AFL-CIO and Change to Win Would make certain employer tactics illegal Would require card check recognition where union has majority Would require recognition of union that has won election while appeals go on Would require first contract mediation and arbitration where the parties don t reach agreement Would dramatically enhance penalties for employers that violate the law Broad areas of labor policy 1988 plant closing act, drug testing programs, increases in minimum wage Areas of General Economic Policy less liberal trade policies  e.g. domestic content laws, quotas on steel, restricted imports of men's wear, and extension of subsidies for U.S. flag liners 1997 helped defeat "fast track" authority for trade negotiations Also expansionary monetary and fiscal policy aimed largely at unemployment Areas of General Social Policy More generous social security and medicare systems, civil rights, support for education and housing programs Campaign reform  June 1998 they unexpectedly beat back the California Paycheck protection referendum Would require union every year to get written permission from members for political related expenditures Corporations don t have to get such permission from stock holders Similarly November 2005 beat back Paycheck protection for public employees in California referendum^I"*!  ^   I  " * !  _H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.-J%0 {s (  ^  S 0RH   >m  c $l>0 !  > McCain-Feingold Attempted to limit independent expenditures and money given to party organizations instead of to candidates Most of law upheld in 2003 Supreme Court decision Required a political party spending money in a general election campaign to choose between making coordinated expenditures on behalf of its candidate, OR independent expenditures on behalf of its candidate, but not both Court ruled this unconstitutional 6H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.-@,0  (  ^  S 0RH   >  c $>0 !  > Favored constitutional amendment to limit Supreme Court's power to invalidate laws of Congress Notice that in 1924 it was progressives who were unhappy with the exercise of Supreme Court powers It continually blocked Congress and State legislatures in attempts to legislate for things like minimum wages or protection for women at work Since the 1950s (and specifically since Brown v. Board of Education) it has been conservatives complaining about the Supreme Court&_t_tH  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.@ &0 P(  ^  S 0RH   >  c $>0 !  > [2004 both union supported Democratic candidates eliminated SEIU pushed very hard for Howard Dean Some other unions pushed very hard for Richard Gephardt Supported John Kerry Reasonable degree of enthusiasm although some hesitance about Kerry because of his positions on trade and the environment Particular dislike for George Bush helped bring them together Money spent (much greater than money donated) AFL-CIO planned to spend $44 million Some individual unions spent more, e.g. SEIU spend $65 million In the end, Bush outspent Kerry by $65 million Money matters - In 2004 in 8 out of ten races for open house seats and 9 out of 10 races for open senate seats, the winners outspent their rivals Union voters Union households were about of all voters Union households gave Kerry a 5.8 million vote majority Union members voted 2-1 for Kerry nation-wide;^/%;^/% H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.)h0 zr` (  X  C 0RH   r  S .0 !   H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.:@'0  P(   X   C 0RH   >   S >0 !  > R>Delete this slide if giving two or more classes on this topicH   0jB ? 3380___PPT10.%)0 $9(  $X $ C 0RH   > $ S D>0 !  > ;Who speaks for working people? September 2004, Washington Post Columnist David Broder wrote column drawing clearly the relationship between the weakening of organized labor and the near demise of liberal legislation&OH $ 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.'s(0 >60(  0X 0 C 0RH   >6 0 S >0 !  > Can make unlimited donations to PACs, which can each donate up to $50,100 to each candidate Can make additional donations to political parties&\3\3H 0 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.w+0  H(  HX H C 0RH   > H S >0 !  > GHave you all seen me about your essays? If not, the grades become zeros&( ( H H 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.Ph )0 @Px(  PX P C 0RH   > P S >0 !  > zChange in business PAC donations between 2006 and 2007 2006 business PACs gave 2/3 of money to Republicans 2007 gave 50% to Democrats Why? Democrats won both houses in Congress in 2006 and businesses buying access, especially to committee chairs February 2008, several major unions came out for Obama Major unions poll members and local unions before deciding on endorsements SEIU, Teamsters and the United Food and Commercial Workers and then the federation to which they belong, Change to Win AFL-CIO has not endorsed anyone Some unions have supported Clinton Mostly government employee unions and teachers Why are others skeptical about Clinton? Bill Clinton s support for free trade Several had endorsed John Edwards and probably the bulk of unions would have preferred him as the most pro-union and the most anti-corporate and anti-free trade candidate78#(7  8  # (  *0H P 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.p.0 _W`X(  XX X C 0RH   ?W X S  >0 !  ? Central NY Labor Council endorsed mostly Democrats but a few Republicans Mostly endorse Republicans who are more liberal Mostly endorse Republicans who are going to win anyway&IgIgH X 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.parL0IZD\p^`bAuN,S$p#| եV=  0!&X?:MX-N1<;? }q~F|JmORUY^_Ag5vz~ńdžV@"*hjm;o'fܝR1I(8 / 0LDAriale00LLԖ-a0Ԗ     On-screen ShowLe Moyne CollegeJ-' /ArialDefault DesignLabor Political ActivityAdministrative&Review Unions and the DisadvantagedTodayI. The Pre-AFL PeriodLate 19th CenturyII. The AFL PeriodEarly Electoral ActivityElection of 1924CPPA Platform 19241924 ElectionIII. The Period of the SplitThe CIO and Political ActionAFL in the Split PeriodIV. The Post-Merger Period Next TimeLabor Political ActivityAdministrativeReviewTodayI. Recent ElectionsI. 2004 ElectionI. 2006 ElectionI. 2008 Election II. COPEs Electoral Techniques II. COPEs Strategy and Tactics-II. Registration and Get-out-the-vote drives II. COPEs Strategy and Tactics Next TimeLabor and PoliticsAdministrativeReviewToday0I. Legal Regulation of Labor Electoral ActivityI. Relevant Cases(I. Federal Election Campaign Act (1971)I. 1974 (Watergate) AmendmentsI. McCain-Feingold (2002)I. Current LawI. Unions under Current LawI. New York State LawII. Lobbying ActivityII. Lobbying Issues,III. Importance of Labor Political Activity Next Time  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles-late Slide Titles_&DonnDonn_DonnDonn@  @@`` ( \XM      !"#$%&'()*+,-./23456789:;<=>?@ABCEFIJLMNOPRSTUVW 0AA@oʚ;rEm-ʚ;g4WdWd|&-a0ppp@ <4dddd))0L 0___PPT10 ___PPT9-?  %=Labor Political Activity Class 1 or 3Administrative0Not too early to be studying for the final exam JReview  Unions and the Disadvantaged&&(Unions racist and sexist but perhaps less so than the society as a whole Law forbids union discrimination or union to cause employer to discriminate Women and minorities making some gains in getting to union office but still significantly underrepresentedTodayLThe Pre-AFL Period The AFL Period The Split Period The Post-Merger PeriodM" MI. The Pre-AFL PeriodEarly Labor Parties Workingmen s Party of Philadelphia Growth of workers parties in the 1830s Died out by end of the Jacksonian Period  uv   Late 19th Century$ ^Workingmen s Party of the United States National Greenback Labor Party New York Mayoral Election  1886 Unions joined together and nominated Henry George Who was Henry George?&hHhHII. The AFL Period>Early objective of political action  ease legal restrictions on unions Approach to politics  voluntarism Opposed a labor party Relied exclusively on lobbying&k5k5 Early Electoral ActivityPrompted by increased use of injunctions 1906 campaigned against Chair of House Judiciary Committee Gompers began to take personal public positions on presidential elections Election of 19241922 Chicago meeting formed the Conference for Progressive Political Action Republicans nominated Coolidge and Democrats nominated John W. Davis C.P.P.A. then nominated Senator Robert LaFollette of Wisconsin CPPA Platform 1924fGovernment ownership of railroads Relief for farmers Anti monopoly Anti injunction Favored constitutional amendment to limit Supreme Court's power to invalidate laws of Congress $ 1924 ElectionAFL Executive Council hesitated but formally endorsed LaFollette LaFollette won 17% of the vote Still, AFL viewed this as disaster III. The Period of the Split^Changes in the Democratic Party Entered 1920's with predominantly Anglo Saxon, Protestant, Rural tradition 1928 the forces of the urban areas, new immigrants, Catholics, Jews, eastern working class, rallied around Al Smith and secured him nomination Helped establish Democrats as party of working class $ ZZ0The CIO and Political ActionLabor's Non Partisan League supported FDR in 1936 Lewis supported Willkie in 1940 CIO PAC supported Roosevelt in 1944 AFL in the Split PeriodPassage of Taft-Hartley Use of National Emergency Injunctions These convinced the AFL of the need to get involved politically Prior to 1952 election, AFL established Labor s League for Political Education IV. The Post-Merger PeriodStructure Electoral Activities and lobbying separate AFL CIO COPE Policy Supported Democratic candidate in every election through 1968 1972 rejected McGovern Have supported Democratic candidate in every election since 1972T Z:ZZZ :  Next TimehPublic Policy on Labor Electoral Activity Labor Lobbying Activity Importance of Labor Political Activity)Labor Political Activity`Class 2 of 3 Recent Elections and COPE S Tactics1AdministrativeFinal exam reminder If you haven t seen me about your essay, you must do that Quiz reminder*ReviewLabor Parties largely disappeared due to lack of class consciousness and their issues being absorbed by major parties Gradual shift from non-political stance to active participation in electoral politics Non-partisanship and relationship to Democrats+Today\Recent Elections COPE s Electoral Techniques /" /I. Recent Elections}Supported Clinton Supported Gore in 2000 Large independent expenditures in 1996 and 2000 Congressional races Impact on VotingA&I. 2004 Election2004 both union-supported Democratic candidates eliminated Supported John Kerry Money spent (much greater than money donated) Union voters P.I. 2006 ElectionUnions worked extremely hard to elect a Democratic Congress Central NY Labor Council endorsed mostly Democrats but a few RepublicansI)I. 2008 ElectionChange in business PAC donations between 2006 and 2007 February 2008, several major unions came out for Obama Some unions have supported Clinton Most major unions will support the Democrat, whoever it is, against Republican John McCainh  >II. COPE s Electoral TechniquesCOPE structure Divided into national, state and local bodies National COPE Headed by former CWA Political Director Steve Rosenthal Endorses presidential candidates State endorsements largely based on National COPE s ratings of Congressional representativesD==*">II. COPE s   !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOmQRSUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefglnopqrstuvwxyz{|~Root EntrydO)C Current User),SummaryInformation(PowerPoint Document(JDocumentSummaryInformation8\@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` ( \XO      !"#$%&'()*+,-./23456789:;<=>?@ABCEFGHIJLMNOPRSTUVW 0AA@oʚ;rEm-ʚ;g4WdWd|&-a0ppp@ <4dddd))0L 0___PPT10 ___PPT9-?  %>Labor Political Activity Class 1 or 3Administrative0Not too early to be studying for the final exam JReview  Unions and the Disadvantaged&&(Unions racist and sexist but perhaps less so than the society as a whole Law forbids union discrimination or union to cause employer to discriminate Women and minorities making some gains in getting to union office but still significantly underrepresentedTodayLThe Pre-AFL Period The AFL Period The Split Period The Post-Merger PeriodM" MI. The Pre-AFL PeriodEarly Labor Parties Workingmen s Party of Philadelphia Growth of workers parties in the 1830s Died out by end of the Jacksonian Period  uv   Late 19th Century$ ^Workingmen s Party of the United States National Greenback Labor Party New York Mayoral Election  1886 Unions joined together and nominated Henry George Who was Henry George?&hHhHII. The AFL Period>Early objective of political action  ease legal restrictions on unions Approach to politics  voluntarism Opposed a labor party Relied exclusively on lobbying&k5k5 Early Electoral ActivityPrompted by increased use of injunctions 1906 campaigned against Chair of House Judiciary Committee Gompers began to take personal public positions on presidential elections Election of 19241922 Chicago meeting formed the Conference for Progressive Political Action Republicans nominated Coolidge and Democrats nominated John W. Davis C.P.P.A. then nominated Senator Robert LaFollette of Wisconsin CPPA Platform 1924fGovernment ownership of railroads Relief for farmers Anti monopoly Anti injunction Favored constitutional amendment to limit Supreme Court's power to invalidate laws of Congress $ 1924 ElectionAFL Executive Council hesitated but formally endorsed LaFollette LaFollette won 17% of the vote Still, AFL viewed this as disaster III. The Period of the Split^Changes in the Democratic Party Entered 1920's with predominantly Anglo Saxon, Protestant, Rural tradition 1928 the forces of the urban areas, new immigrants, Catholics, Jews, eastern working class, rallied around Al Smith and secured him nomination Helped establish Democrats as party of working class $ ZZ0The CIO and Political ActionLabor's Non Partisan League supported FDR in 1936 Lewis supported Willkie in 1940 CIO PAC supported Roosevelt in 1944 AFL in the Split PeriodPassage of Taft-Hartley Use of National Emergency Injunctions These convinced the AFL of the need to get involved politically Prior to 1952 election, AFL established Labor s League for Political Education IV. The Post-Merger PeriodStructure Electoral Activities and lobbying separate AFL CIO COPE Policy Supported Democratic candidate in every election through 1968 1972 rejected McGovern Have supported Democratic candidate in every election since 1972T Z:ZZZ :  Next TimehPublic Policy on Labor Electoral Activity Labor Lobbying Activity Importance of Labor Political Activity)Labor Political Activity`Class 2 of 3 Recent Elections and COPE S Tactics1AdministrativeFinal exam reminder If you haven t seen me about your essay, you must do that Quiz reminderD'JReview  Unions and the Disadvantaged&&(Unions racist and sexist but perhaps less so than the society as a whole Law forbids union discrimination or union to cause TPemployer to discriminate Women and minorities making some gains in getting to union office but still significantly underrepresented *ReviewLabor Parties largely disappeared due to lack of class consciousness and their issues being absorbed by major parties Gradual shift from non-political stance to active participation in electoral politics Non-partisanship and relationship to Democrats+Today\Recent Elections COPE s Electoral Techniques /" /I. Recent Elections}Supported Clinton Supported Gore in 2000 Large independent expenditures in 1996 and 2000 Congressional races Impact on VotingA&I. 2004 Election2004 both union-supported Democratic candidates eliminated Supported John Kerry Money spent (much greater than money donated) Union voters P.I. 2006 ElectionUnions worked extremely hard to elect a Democratic Congress Central NY Labor Council endorsed mostly Democrats but a few RepublicansI)I. 2008 ElectionChange in business PAC donations between 2006 and 2007 February 2008, several major unions came out for Obama Some unions have supported Clinton Most major unions will support the Democrat, whoever it is, against Republican John McCainh  >II. COPE s Electoral TechniquesCOPE structure Divided into national, state and local bodies National COPE Headed by former CWA Political Director Steve Rosenthal Endorses presidential candidates State endorsements largely based on National COPE s ratings of Congressional representativesD==*">II. COPE s Strategy and TacticsNon-partisanship and relationship to the Democrats Financial Assistance to candidates Relatively small amounts of money compared to business PACs Still this is a sizable amount to Democrats who are normally outspent &VV#,II. Registration and Get-out-the-vote drives--( Identifying precincts which tend to vote Democratic Leafleting workplaces and homes in such areas Phoning on election day, driving people to polls, minding kids, etc.$>II. COPE s Strategy and TacticsVoter Education Loans of skilled organizational personnel to campaigns, often union officers on paid leave Organizational support more important than financial support Research indicates COPE endorsements and support do translate into more votes by unionists and their familiesR/ Next Time<Legal Regulation of Union Political Activity Union LobbyingJ*Labor and Politics Class 3 of 3K+Administrative'Have you all seen me about your essays?L,ReviewHistory of early labor union political activity including importance of voluntarism and non-partisanship Unions in recent elections Campaign strategy and tactics of COPEM-TodaymLegal Regulation of Labor Electoral Activity Labor Lobbying Activity Importance of Labor Political Activityn" n,/I. Legal Regulation of Labor Electoral Activity00(Prohibition on contribution of dues money to candidates in federal elections or expenditures related to federal elections Originated in Smith-Connally (1943) and continued in Taft-Hartley (1947) Corporations similarly restrictedzlO2I. Relevant CasesUSA v. CIO IAM v. Street CWA v. Beck 2001 President Bush issued Executive Order requiring federal contractors to post notices that workers are entitled to such rebates Lax Enforcement4 'I. Federal Election Campaign Act (1971)(((Excluded from the ban Union communications to members and their families on any subject permitted Non partisan registration and get out the vote drives aimed at members and their families permitted Activities financed by voluntary contributions permitted 5!I. 1974 (Watergate) Amendments(pA PAC (union, business or otherwise) cannot contribute more than $5000 to any candidate Buckley v. Valeo (1976)0X !qd>%I. McCain-Feingold (2002)Prohibits national party organizations from raising or spending certain types of soft money Prohibits federal candidates from raising or spending soft money Raised dollar limit on hard money contributions 8"I. Current Law 527 organizations are the new way around the soft money ban Individuals can give up to $25,000 per year to party organizations  soft money :#I. Unions under Current LawPUnion can use dues to establish a PAC and solicit contributions Unions may conduct nonpartisan or partisan "get out the vote" drives among members Unions may sponsor non partisan "get out the vote" drives among nonmembers only if co sponsored by a non partisan civic body, e.g. League of Women Voters A union may engage in unlimited independent expenditure (not solicited or controlled by the candidate) aimed at its membersPG(I. New York State LawCompanies can donate $5000 each to candidate But so can each subsidiary Can make unlimited donations to PACs, which can each donate up to $50,100 to each candidate Unions can donate $50,100 to candidate More to parties L-w'-w'-II. Lobbying ActivityAFL-CIO has full-time lobbying operation Often cooperate with other union lobbyists or even other specialist lobbyists: e.g. NAACP, Common Cause, AARP, etc. Effectiveness;$II. Lobbying IssuesNarrow areas of labor policy  regulation of collective bargaining and union affairs Broad areas of labor policy - affect union and nonunion employees Areas of general economic policy Areas of general social policy.+III. Importance of Labor Political Activity,,(BWho speaks for business interests? Who speaks for working people?/ Next Time8Final lecture Discussion of final exam Course Evaluation/d ! % & ' ( 03679<=?@BCEFHNOQ0 4,(  4^ 4 S 0RH    4 c $|0 !   "H 4 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.+¸ 0 ~<(  <^ < S 0RH   x < c $=0 !   H < 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.+ 60 @,(  @^ @ S 0RH   = @ c $0 !  = "H @ 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.,rTb 0R1G(8 / 0LDAriale00LLԖ-a0Ԗ@ .  @n?" dd  !"#$%&'(Oh+'0l `h  Labor Political ActivitydonnDonn133Microsoft PowerPoint@@rEʦ@Q[+@7AG`g  (+  y--$xx--'@Arial-. +2 6 Labor Political Activity."System:-@Arial-. 2 K= Class 1 or 3.-՜.+,0,Strategy and TacticsNon-partisanship and relationship to the Democrats Financial Assistance to candidates Relatively small amounts of money compared to business PACs Still this is a sizable amount to Democrats who are normally outspent &VV#,II. Registration and Get-out-the-vote drives--( Identifying precincts which tend to vote Democratic Leafleting workplaces and homes in such areas Phoning on election day, driving people to polls, minding kids, etc.$>II. COPE s Strategy and TacticsVoter Education Loans of skilled organizational personnel to campaigns, often union officers on paid leave Organizational support more important than financial support Research indicates COPE endorsements and support do translate into more votes by unionists and their familiesR/ Next Time<Legal Regulation of Union Political Activity Union LobbyingJ*Labor and Politics Class 3 of 3K+Administrative'Have you all seen me about your essays?L,ReviewHistory of early labor union political activity including importance of voluntarism and non-partisanship Unions in recent elections Campaign strategy and tactics of COPEM-TodaymLegal Regulation of Labor Electoral Activity Labor Lobbying Activity Importance of Labor Political Activityn" n,/I. Legal Regulation of Labor Electoral Activity00(Prohibition on contribution of dues money to candidates in federal elections or expenditures related to federal elections Originated in Smith-Connally (1943) and continued in Taft-Hartley (1947) Corporations similarly restrictedzlO2I. Relevant CasesUSA v. CIO IAM v. Street CWA v. Beck 2001 President Bush issued Executive Order requiring federal contractors to post notices that workers are entitled to such rebates Lax Enforcement4 'I. Federal Election Campaign Act (1971)(((Excluded from the ban Union communications to members and their families on any subject permitted Non partisan registration and get out the vote drives aimed at members and their families permitted Activities financed by voluntary contributions permitted 5!I. 1974 (Watergate) Amendments(pA PAC (union, business or otherwise) cannot contribute more than $5000 to any candidate Buckley v. Valeo (1976)0X !qd>%I. McCain-Feingold (2002)Prohibits national party organizations from raising or spending certain types of soft money Prohibits federal candidates from raising or spending soft money Raised dollar limit on hard money contributions 8"I. Current Law 527 organizations are the new way around the soft money ban Individuals can give up to $25,000 per year to party organizations  soft money :#I. Unions under Current LawPUnion can use dues to establish a PAC and solicit contributions Unions may conduct nonpartisan or partisan "get out the vote" drives among members Unions may sponsor non partisan "get out the vote" drives among nonmembers only if co sponsored by a non partisan civic body, e.g. League of Women Voters A union may engage in unlimited independent expenditure (not solicited or controlled by the candidate) aimed at its membersPG(I. New York State LawCompanies can donate $5000 each to candidate But so can each subsidiary Can make unlimited donations to PACs, which can each donate up to $50,100 to each candidate Unions can donate $50,100 to candidate More to parties L-w'-w'-II. Lobbying ActivityAFL-CIO has full-time lobbying operation Often cooperate with other union lobbyists or even other specialist lobbyists: e.g. NAACP, Common Cause, AARP, etc. Effectiveness;$II. Lobbying IssuesNarrow areas of labor policy  regulation of collective bargaining and union affairs Broad areas of labor policy - affect union and nonunion employees Areas of general economic policy Areas of general social policy.+III. Importance of Labor Political Activity,,(BWho speaks for business interests? Who speaks for working people?/ Next Time8Final lecture Discussion of final exam Course Evaluation/H ! % & ' ( 03679<=?@BCFHNOQ 0 @P,(  P^ P S 0RH   = P c $0 !  = "H P 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.\,@ 0 ~PT(  T^ T S 0RH   =x T c $0=0 !  = H T 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.],@Q0 d,(  d^ d S 0RH   = d c $.=0 !  = "H d 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.^,0 ~p(  p^ p S 0RH   =x p c $W=0 !  = H p 0jB ? 3380___PPT10._,C0 ~t(  t^ t S 0RH   =x t c $_=0 !  = H t 0jB ? 3380___PPT10._,{F0 ~(  ^  S 0RH   =x  c $Dn=0 !  = H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.i,`Pp0 ~ (  ^  S 0RH   =x  c $d=0 !  = H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.-`0 ~ (  ^  S 0RH   >x  c $>0 !  > H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.@r@ "6F8T: x<> @0B@DFR1G(8 / 0LDAriale00LLԖ-a0Ԗ@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` ( \XM      !"#$%&'()*+,-./23456789:;<=>?@ABCEFIJLMNOPRSTUVW 0AA@oʚ;rEm-ʚ;g4WdWd|&-a0ppp@ <4dddd))0L 0___PPT10 ___PPT9-?  %=Labor Political Activity Class 1 or 3Administrative0Not too early to be studying for the final exam JReview  Unions and the Disadvantaged&&(Unions racist and sexist but perhaps less so than the society as a whole Law forbids union discrimination or union to cause employer to discriminate Women and minorities making some gains in getting to union office but still significantly underrepresentedTodayLThe Pre-AFL Period The AFL Period The Split Period The Post-Merger PeriodM" MI. The Pre-AFL PeriodEarly Labor Parties Workingmen s Party of Philadelphia Growth of workers parties in the 1830s Died out by end of the Jacksonian Period  uv   Late 19th Century$ ^Workingmen s Party of the United States National Greenback Labor Party New York Mayoral Election  1886 Unions joined together and nominated Henry George Who was Henry George?&hHhHII. The AFL Period>Early objective of political action  ease legal restrictions on unions Approach to politics  voluntarism Opposed a labor party Relied exclusively on lobbying&k5k5 Early Electoral ActivityPrompted by increased use of injunctions 1906 campaigned against Chair of House Judiciary Committee Gompers began to take personal public positions on presidential elections Election of 19241922 Chicago meeting formed the Conference for Progressive Political Action Republicans nominated Coolidge and Democrats nominated John W. Davis C.P.P.A. then nominated Senator Robert LaFollette of Wisconsin CPPA Platform 1924fGovernment ownership of railroads Relief for farmers Anti monopoly Anti injunction Favored constitutional amendment to limit Supreme Court's power to invalidate laws of Congress $ 1924 ElectionAFL Executive Council hesitated but formally endorsed LaFollette LaFollette won 17% of the vote Still, AFL viewed this as disaster III. The Period of the Split^Changes in the Democratic Party Entered 1920's with predominantly Anglo Saxon, Protestant, Rural tradition 1928 the forces of the urban areas, new immigrants, Catholics, Jews, eastern working class, rallied around Al Smith and secured him nomination Helped establish Democrats as party of working class $ ZZ0The CIO and Political ActionLabor's Non Partisan League supported FDR in 1936 Lewis supported Willkie in 1940 CIO PAC supported Roosevelt in 1944 AFL in the Split PeriodPassage of Taft-Hartley Use of National Emergency Injunctions These convinced the AFL of the need to get involved politically Prior to 1952 election, AFL established Labor s League for Political Education IV. The Post-Merger PeriodStructure Electoral Activities and lobbying separate AFL CIO COPE Policy Supported Democratic candidate in every election through 1968 1972 rejected McGovern Have supported Democratic candidate in every election since 1972T Z:ZZZ :  Next TimehPublic Policy on Labor Electoral Activity Labor Lobbying Activity Importance of Labor Political Activity)Labor Political Activity`Class 2 of 3 Recent Elections and COPE S Tactics1AdministrativeFinal exam reminder If you haven t seen me about your essay, you must do that Quiz reminder*ReviewLabor Parties largely disappeared due to lack of class consciousness and their issues being absorbed by major parties Gradual shift from non-political stance to active participation in electoral politics Non-partisanship and relationship to Democrats+Today\Recent Elections COPE s Electoral Techniques /" /I. Recent Elections}Supported Clinton Supported Gore in 2000 Large independent expenditures in 1996 and 2000 Congressional races Impact on VotingA&I. 2004 Election2004 both union-supported Democratic candidates eliminated Supported John Kerry Money spent (much greater than money donated) Union voters P.I. 2006 ElectionUnions worked extremely hard to elect a Democratic Congress Central NY Labor Council endorsed mostly Democrats but a few RepublicansI)I. 2008 ElectionChange in business PAC donations between 2006 and 2007 February 2008, several major unions came out for Obama Some unions have supported Clinton Most major unions will support the Democrat, whoever it is, against Republican John McCainh  >II. COPE s Electoral TechniquesCOPE structure Divided into national, state and local bodies National COPE Headed by former CWA Political Director Steve Rosenthal Endorses presidential candidates State endorsements largely based on National COPE s ratings of Congressional representativesD==*">II. COPE s Strategy and TacticsNon-partisanship and relationship to the Democrats Financial Assistance to candidates Relatively small amounts of money compared to business PACs Still this is a sizable amount to Democrats who are normally outspent &VV#,II. Registration and Get-out-the-vote drives--( Identifying precincts which tend to vote Democratic Leafleting workplaces and homes in such areas Phoning on election day, driving people to polls, minding kids, etc.$>II. COPE s Strategy and TacticsVoter Education Loans of skilled organizational personnel to campaigns, often union officers on paid leave Organizational support more important than financial support Research indicates COPE endorsements and support do translate into more votes by unionists and their familiesR/ Next Time<Legal Regulation of Union Political Activity Union LobbyingJ*Labor and Politics Class 3 of 3K+Administrative'Have you all seen me about your essays?L,ReviewHistory of early labor union political activity including importance of voluntarism and non-partisanship Unions in recent elections Campaign strategy and tactics of COPEM-TodaymLegal Regulation of Labor Electoral Activity Labor Lobbying Activity Importance of Labor Political Activityn" n,/I. Legal Regulation of Labor Electoral Activity00(Prohibition on contribution of dues money to candidates in federal elections or expenditures related to federal elections Originated in Smith-Connally (1943) and continued in Taft-Hartley (1947) Corporations similarly restrictedzlO2I. Relevant CasesUSA v. CIO IAM v. Street CWA v. Beck 2001 President Bush issued Executive Order requiring federal contractors to post notices that workers are entitled to such rebates Lax Enforcement4 'I. Federal Election Campaign Act (1971)(((Excluded from the ban Union communications to members and their families on any subject permitted Non partisan registration and get out the vote drives aimed at members and their families permitted Activities financed by voluntary contributions permitted 5!I. 1974 (Watergate) Amendments(pA PAC (union, business or otherwise) cannot contribute more than $5000 to any candidate Buckley v. Valeo (1976)0X !qd>%I. McCain-Feingold (2002)Prohibits national party organizations from raising or spending certain types of soft money Prohibits federal candidates from raising or spending soft money Raised dollar limit on hard money contributions 8"I. Current Law 527 organizations are the new way around the soft money ban Individuals can give up to $25,000 per year to party organizations  soft money :#I. Unions under Current LawPUnion can use dues to establish a PAC and solicit contributions Unions may conduct nonpartisan or partisan "get out the vote" drives among members Unions may sponsor non partisan "get out the vote" drives among nonmembers only if co sponsored by a non partisan civic body, e.g. League of Women Voters A union may engage in unlimited independent expenditure (not solicited or controlled by the candidate) aimed at its membersPG(I. New York State LawCompanies can donate $5000 each to candidate But so can each subsidiary Can make unlimited donations to PACs, which can each donate up to $50,100 to each candidate Unions can donate $50,100 to candidate More to parties L-w'-w'-II. Lobbying ActivityAFL-CIO has full-time lobbying operation Often cooperate with other union lobbyists or even other specialist lobbyists: e.g. NAACP, Common Cause, AARP, etc. Effectiveness;$II. Lobbying IssuesNarrow areas of labor policy  regulation of collective bargaining and union affairs Broad areas of labor policy - affect union and nonunion employees Areas of general economic policy Areas of general social policy.+III. Importance of Labor Political Activity,,(BWho speaks for business interests? Who speaks for working people?/ Next Time8Final lecture Discussion of final exam Course Evaluation/H ! % & ' ( 03679<=?@BCFHNOQ60 F(  ^  S 0RH   =  c $=0 !  = <H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.i, 0 P,(  ^  S 0RH   =  c $x=0 !  = "H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.j,-80 `H(  ^  S 0RH   =  c $8=0 !  = > H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.l,&0 ~P(  ^  S 0RH   >x  c $>0 !  > H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.)h)0 @P&(  PX P C 0RH   > P S >0 !  > ( H P 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.p.0 zr`X (  XX X C 0RH   ?r X S  >0 !  ? H X 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.par4*G!L% BOQGR1G(8 / 0LDAriale00LLԖ-a0Ԗ@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` ( \XM      !"#$%&'()*+,-./23456789:;<=>?@ABCEFIJLMNOPRSTUVW 0AA@oʚ;rEm-ʚ;g4WdWd|&-a0ppp@ <4dddd))0L 0___PPT10 ___PPT9-?  %=Labor Political Activity Class 1 or 3Administrative0Not too early to be studying for the final exam JReview  Unions and the Disadvantaged&&(Unions racist and sexist but perhaps less so than the society as a whole Law forbids union discrimination or union to cause employer to discriminate Women and minorities making some gains in getting to union office but still significantly underrepresentedTodayLThe Pre-AFL Period The AFL Period The Split Period The Post-Merger PeriodM" MI. The Pre-AFL PeriodEarly Labor Parties Workingmen s Party of Philadelphia Growth of workers parties in the 1830s Died out by end of the Jacksonian Period  uv   Late 19th Century$ ^Workingmen s Party of the United States National Greenback Labor Party New York Mayoral Election  1886 Unions joined together and nominated Henry George Who was Henry George?&hHhHII. The AFL Period>Early objective of political action  ease legal restrictions on unions Approach to politics  voluntarism Opposed a labor party Relied exclusively on lobbying&k5k5 Early Electoral ActivityPrompted by increased use of injunctions 1906 campaigned against Chair of House Judiciary Committee Gompers began to take personal public positions on presidential elections Election of 19241922 Chicago meeting formed the Conference for Progressive Political Action Republicans nominated Coolidge and Democrats nominated John W. Davis C.P.P.A. then nominated Senator Robert LaFollette of Wisconsin CPPA Platform 1924fGovernment ownership of railroads Relief for farmers Anti monopoly Anti injunction Favored constitutional amendment to limit Supreme Court's power to invalidate laws of Congress $ 1924 ElectionAFL Executive Council hesitated but formally endorsed LaFollette LaFollette won 17% of the vote Still, AFL viewed this as disaster III. The Period of the Split^Changes in the Democratic Party Entered 1920's with predominantly Anglo Saxon, Protestant, Rural tradition 1928 the forces of the urban areas, new immigrants, Catholics, Jews, eastern working class, rallied around Al Smith and secured him nomination Helped establish Democrats as party of working class $ ZZ0The CIO and Political ActionLabor's Non Partisan League supported FDR in 1936 Lewis supported Willkie in 1940 CIO PAC supported Roosevelt in 1944 AFL in the Split PeriodPassage of Taft-Hartley Use of National Emergency Injunctions These convinced the AFL of the need to get involved politically Prior to 1952 election, AFL established Labor s League for Political Education IV. The Post-Merger PeriodStructure Electoral Activities and lobbying separate AFL CIO COPE Policy Supported Democratic candidate in every election through 1968 1972 rejected McGovern Have supported Democratic candidate in every election since 1972T Z:ZZZ :  Next TimehPublic Policy on Labor Electoral Activity Labor Lobbying Activity Importance of Labor Political Activity)Labor Political Activity`Class 2 of 3 Recent Elections and COPE S Tactics1AdministrativeFinal exam reminder If you haven t seen me about your essay, you must do that Quiz reminder*ReviewLabor Parties largely disappeared due to lack of class consciousness and their issues being absorbed by major parties Gradual shift from non-political stance to active participation in electoral politics Non-partisanship and relationship to Democrats+Today\Recent Elections COPE s Electoral Techniques /" /I. Recent Elections}Supported Clinton Supported Gore in 2000 Large independent expenditures in 1996 and 2000 Congressional races Impact on VotingA&I. 2004 Election2004 both union-supported Democratic candidates eliminated Supported John Kerry Money spent (much greater than money donated) Union voters P.I. 2006 ElectionUnions worked extremely hard to elect a Democratic Congress Central NY Labor Council endorsed mostly Democrats but a few RepublicansI)I. 2008 ElectionChange in business PAC donations between 2006 and 2007 February 2008, several major unions came out for Obama Some unions have supported Clinton Most major unions will support the Democrat, whoever it is, against Republican John McCainh  >II. COPE s Electoral TechniquesCOPE structure Divided into national, state and local bodies National COPE Headed by former CWA Political Director Steve Rosenthal Endorses presidential candidates State endorsements largely based on National COPE s ratings of Congressional representativesD==*">II. COPE s Strategy and TacticsNon-partisanship and relationship to the Democrats Financial Assistance to candidates Relatively small amounts of money compared to business PACs Still this is a sizable amount to Democrats who are normally outspent &VV#,II. Registration and Get-out-the-vote drives--( Identifying precincts which tend to vote Democratic Leafleting workplaces and homes in such areas Phoning on election day, driving people to polls, minding kids, etc.$>II. COPE s Strategy and TacticsVoter Education Loans of skilled organizational personnel to campaigns, often union officers on paid leave Organizational support more important than financial support Research indicates COPE endorsements and support do translate into more votes by unionists and their familiesR/ Next Time<Legal Regulation of Union Political Activity Union LobbyingJ*Labor and Politics Class 3 of 3K+Administrative'Have you all seen me about your essays?L,ReviewHistory of early labor union political activity including importance of voluntarism and non-partisanship Unions in recent elections Campaign strategy and tactics of COPEM-TodaymLegal Regulation of Labor Electoral Activity Labor Lobbying Activity Importance of Labor Political Activityn" n,/I. Legal Regulation of Labor Electoral Activity00(Prohibition on contribution of dues money to candidates in federal elections or expenditures related to federal elections Originated in Smith-Connally (1943) and continued in Taft-Hartley (1947) Corporations similarly restrictedzlO2I. Relevant CasesUSA v. CIO IAM v. Street CWA v. Beck 2001 President Bush issued Executive Order requiring federal contractors to post notices that workers are entitled to such rebates Lax Enforcement4 'I. Federal Election Campaign Act (1971)(((Excluded from the ban Union communications to members and their families on any subject permitted Non partisan registration and get out the vote drives aimed at members and their families permitted Activities financed by voluntary contributions permitted 5!I. 1974 (Watergate) Amendments(pA PAC (union, business or otherwise) cannot contribute more than $5000 to any candidate Buckley v. Valeo (1976)0X !qd>%I. McCain-Feingold (2002)Prohibits national party organizations from raising or spending certain types of soft money Prohibits federal candidates from raising or spending soft money Raised dollar limit on hard money contributions 8"I. Current Law 527 organizations are the new way around the soft money ban Individuals can give up to $25,000 per year to party organizations  soft money :#I. Unions under Current LawPUnion can use dues to establish a PAC and solicit contributions Unions may conduct nonpartisan or partisan "get out the vote" drives among members Unions may sponsor non partisan "get out the vote" drives among nonmembers only if co sponsored by a non partisan civic body, e.g. League of Women Voters A union may engage in unlimited independent expenditure (not solicited or controlled by the candidate) aimed at its membersPG(I. New York State LawCompanies can donate $5000 each to candidate But so can each subsidiary Can make unlimited donations to PACs, which can each donate up to $50,100 to each candidate Unions can donate $50,100 to candidate More to parties L-w'-w'-II. Lobbying ActivityAFL-CIO has full-time lobbying operation Often cooperate with other union lobbyists or even other specialist lobbyists: e.g. NAACP, Common Cause, AARP, etc. Effectiveness;$II. Lobbying IssuesNarrow areas of labor policy  regulation of collective bargaining and union affairs Broad areas of labor policy - affect union and nonunion employees Areas of general economic policy Areas of general social policy.+III. Importance of Labor Political Activity,,(BWho speaks for business interests? Who speaks for working people?/ Next Time8Final lecture Discussion of final exam Course Evaluation/H ! % & ' ( 03679<=?@BCFHNOQ0 p,(  ^  S 0RH   =  c $t=0 !  = "    H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.m,'up0 ,(  ^  S 0RH   =  c $ =0 !  = "H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.n,0 P,(  ^  S 0RH   >  c $=0 !  > "H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.-$ 0 ~p(  ^  S 0RH   >x  c $ >0 !  > H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.-Q!0 ,(  ^  S 0RH   >  c $x3>0 !  > "H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.- :"0 ~(  ^  S 0RH   >x  c $ :>0 !  > H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.- 0 ,(  ^  S 0RH   >  c $P>0 !  > "H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.- 8$0 H(  ^  S 0RH   >  c $h>0 !  > > H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.-J%0 ~(  ^  S 0RH   >x  c $l>0 !  > H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.-@,0 zr$ (  $X $ C 0RH   >r $ S D>0 !  > H $ 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.'s(0 zr0 (  0X 0 C 0RH   >r 0 S >0 !  > H 0 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.+0 zr H (  HX H C 0RH   >r H S >0 !  > H H 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.Pr\|' 36 9<< Jn?FHNXR1