ࡱ> -(8 / 0LDArialԖe0Ԗ0ll-a0@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` PH=9     !#$%&()*+,-./0123456789:;< 0AA@4_ʚ;It*ʚ;g4QdQd& -a0ppp@ <4dddd8))0l 0___PPT10 ___PPT9ld ?  %C%Unions and the UnderprivilegedClass 1AdministrativeAReading on this topic should be done already Final Exam ReminderReviewhEmployers, Unions and Law Size and Structure of the Trade Union Movement Issues related union structure Today( Union Membership Union Discrimination D'" " (I. Union MembershipSince 1983 the majority of the labor force does not consist of white males 1985 34% of all unionists women 1995 40% 2006 perhaps 44% 15% of unionists African-American 8% of unionists HispanicII. Union DiscriminationUsually reflected local white mores Segregated auxiliary locals Also reflected employer preferences Similarly unions did not accept women PHistorical  Early Central Organizations))(National Labor Union Advocated equal pay for women Rejected Susan B. Anthony as delegate 1869 Knights of Labor Advocated Equal Pay Did not initially admit women By 1886 9% of members African-AmericanLIYIY AFLBy 1890 AFL asked affiliates to expunge racial exclusions Only Cigar Makers and ITU accepted women IAM denied affiliation by Gompers because of racial exclusion  Gompers1Objected to segregated unions Cigar Makers became first national union to admit women (1867) and accepted African-Americans at the same time Continued to argue that unions with racial exclusions should be denied affiliation Eventually accepted segregated unions as the only way to have unions in the south AFL1930s 11 affiliates with racial exclusions 1934 at Randolph s request, NAACP picketed the AFL convention 1939 AFL announced it would charter no more segregated unions Still existing craft unions frequently continued to exclude women and African-Americans CIOUntil Steelworkers and Autoworkers began to organize African-Americans, only the Sleeping Car Porters had many Murray set up Committee to Abolish Racial Discrimination William Townshend first African-American member of CIO Executive Board Craft and Industrial UnionsBoth negotiated contract provisions detrimental to the disadvantaged Liberal pro-Civil Rights unions had such provisions into the 1960s  Contemporary"All workers whatever their race, color, creed, or national origins are entitled to share in the full benefits of trade union organization" Still 1959 AFL-CIO refused to expel racist unions AFL-CIO fought hard for 1964 Civil Rights ActAFL-CIOVery active Civil Rights Department 1973 reversed long-standing opposition to ERA By 1978 95% of collective bargaining agreements had anti-discrimination clauses More recent issues have related to apprenticeship opportunities and the impact of seniorityZ  Next TimeWPublic Policy on Union Discrimination Progress of Women and African-Americans in unionsUnions and the UnderprivilegedClass 2AdministrativeReading for next time  Labor Political Activity Final Exam ReminderReviewTendency of unions to reflect racism and sexism of the community Still, labor federations including the NLU, the Knights, the AFL, the CIO and the AFL-CIO all relatively advanced on these issues Not advanced enough to satisfy some groupsToday2Public Policy on Union Discrimination Minorities and Women in Positions of Union Leadership Minority and Women s Efforts to Overcome Union Discrimination"  (I. Public Policy on Union Discrimination))(National Labor Relations Act African-Americans lobbied for protection Wagner agreed in principle Eventually Wagner supported the act without this provision (Other Areas of Law1938 Supreme Court ruled African-Americans could organize consumer boycotts of businesses refusing to hire them 1940s courts began to limit rights of locals to discriminate in membership or in bargaining )Subsequent Legal Changes*Railway Labor Act amendments 1951 allowed union shop but membership must be available to all on equal basis Title 7 forbids labor organizations to discriminate or to cause employers to do so 1964 NLRB refused to certify bargaining agent that refused to represent members equally on basis of race +Z++Griggs v. Duke Power (1971)~Employment tests must be job related Facially neutral seniority which perpetuates discriminatory status quo to be overturned #9II. Minorities and Women in Positions of Union Leadership::(1972 over 80% trade unions no female officials Only presidents were Stewards and Stewardesses division of ALPA and veterinarians union First in AFL-CIO union was Kathleen Nolan of SAG in late 1970s 1977 UMW first elected woman president of local.#Race and Gender in Union Leadership$$(Black presidents only in Sleeping Car Porters and Actors Equity 1962 UAW had 75 African-American staff members NEA elected Mary Futrell in 1983. First African-American woman to be union president ?1Contemporary Situation1995 Linda Chavez-Thompson of AFSCME elected Executive Vice President of AFL-CIO 2000 3 members of AFL-CIO 51 member Executive Board were African-American Most progress made in 5 largest unions, Teamsters, AFSCME, SEIU, UFCW, and UAW $III. Minority and Women s Efforts to Overcome Union DiscriminationAfrican-Americans Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters affiliated to AFL in 1936 Randolph and Willard Townshend of United Transport Service Employees first African-Americans on AFL-CIO Executive Board "%8III. African-American Efforts to Overcome Discrimination99(Late 60s, formation of black caucuses in union plants, beginning in autos with Dodge Revolutionary Union Movement in Hamtramck, Michigan Similar caucuses in ILGWU and USW Coalition of Black Trade Unionists 5Coalition of Labor Union Women(Founded Chicago 1974 Purposes Organize nonunion women Promote affirmative action at work Political action and legislation Encourage participation of women in their unions 27 CLUWCLUW asked for female representatives on AFL-CIO Executive Council CLUW president Joyce Miller, ACTWU, since 1980 on AFL-CIO Executive - first woman Barbara Hutchinson, Women's Director AFGE, became second woman on Executive 19818!Other Unions and IssuesNational Association of Working Women - SEIU 925 Seems clear that pressure from these groups within unions and Civil Rights groups outside largely responsible for the progress which has been made Union discrimination/employer discrimination" Next Time;Labor political activities, history and contemporary issues<!</& * , - / 023469:;<  0` 33` Sf3f` 33g` f` www3PP` ZXdbmo` \ғ3y`Ӣ` 3f3ff` 3f3FKf` hk]wwwfܹ` ff>>\`Y{ff` R>&- {p_/̴>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> $(    6X]  `}  T Click to edit Master title style! !  0 `  `  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     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339 1 ___PPT10 ..*`&+[W_D' 9= @B D\' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*C%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*C%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(+8+0+0 +i  0^N0 P(  r  S 7 `}  7   S 7 `<$0 7 H  0޽h ? 339 1 ___PPT10 ..*6+[W_D' 9= @B D\' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*2%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*2%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(+8+0+0 +$ 0 $(  r  S 7 `}  7 r  S 87 ` 7 H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.*;s0 bZ4(  4^ 4 S 0RH   7T 4 c $70 !  7 XUsually reflected local white mores Was a more serious problem in certain regions (the south), and in craft-type unions in construction and transportation. Railroad unions particularly bad 1930s white railway workers intimidated, beat and murdered African-American firemen to get them off the railways Auxiliary locals  forced them to pay dues but made no effort to improve their working conditions Also reflected employer preferences North American Aviation, 1941 - "The Negro will be considered only as Janitors and in other similar capacities....Regardless of their training...we will not employ them." Similarly unions did not accept women By 1946 most unions accepted woment$m&'#$m&'# H 4 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.( RVh0 8x(  8^ 8 S 0RH   7 8 c $l70 !  7 nZRejected Susan B. Anthony because they claimed she once helped to organize strike breakersH 8 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.(\Y0 <&(  <^ < S 0RH   7 < c $L70 !  7 IAM denied affiliation by Gompers because of racial exclusion IAM affiliated in 1895 during the year Gompers was out of office Removed exclusion from constitution and put it initiation instead Dropped exclusion in 1947&>>H < 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.(NY 0 @ (  @^ @ S 0RH   7 @ c $70 !  7 Eventually accepted segregated unions as the only way to have unions in the south Only the UMW had a long history of non-segregated locals in the south 1892 Gompers appointed a women, Mary Kenney, as an organizer&RRH @ 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.((E 0 -%@P(  P^ P S 0RH   7 P c $`70 !  7 a1930s 11 affiliates with racial exclusions 1930s 13 non-affiliated unions with racial exclusions 6+6+6H P 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.(1 0  PT(  T^ T S 0RH   7 T c $`0 !  7 *Until Steelworkers and Autoworkers began to organize African-Americans, only the Sleeping Car Porters had many CIO never had affiliates with racial exclusions or segregated locals CIO lawyers filed briefs favoring desegregation in Brown v. Board of Education William Townshend on CIO E. Board 1942Lo#o#H T 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.(@N 0 qi`X(  X^ X S 0RH   7c X c $70 !  7 Both negotiated Provisions that kept women and African-Americans out of the higher pay higher status jobs Liberal unions URW, ILGWU, UAW, USWLZZH X 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.(`Yh 0 ;3d(  d^ d S 0RH   9- d c $90 !  9 1All workers At merger CIO insisted on strong affirmation of racial equality in the constitution Still 1959 1959 bitter floor fight between Randolph and Meany However after 1964, no unions with formal color bars AFL-CIO fought hard Supported Title 7 even when Kennedy admin thought it would kill the billt T hI T hI H d 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.(h0  h(  h^ h S 0RH   9 h c $90 !  9 0Very active Civil Rights dept added staff working primarily on women s issues in 1970s By 1978 Compared to 20% with anti-discrimination clauses in 1961L K 9 K 9H h 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.(@D0  `(  ^  S 0RH   9  c $X90 !  9 African-Americans lobbied for protection Wanted provision in the act that would deny racist unions the ability to be certified to represent employees Eventually Wagner supported the act without this provision Otherwise opposition from the south would have defeated the act `*m<@*m<@H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.*xdw0 (  ^  S 0RH   9  c $(190 !  9 }SSteele v. Louisville and Nashville Railroad Co. - 1944 - Supreme Court - When union assumes statutory duty to represent group of employees, must represent all in good faith Betts v. Easley - 1946 - Kansas Court ruled unconstitutional for newly certified white union to force African-Americans into auxiliary local to be run by white localH  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.*@o 0 0(  ^  S 0RH   9  c $E90 !  9 &Title 7 forbids labor organization to discriminate or to cause employer to do so Sex included in the act by Howard Smith, Virginia Democrat and opponent of the bill, as tactic to defeat it 6QlQlH  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.*@ۈj0 RJ(  ^  S 0RH   9D  c $L90 !  9 Facially neutral Union may share some responsibility for discriminatory language in agreement it signed even if union vigorously opposed the language &H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.*l0 ZR(  ^  S 0RH   9L  c $\_90 !  9 bBlack presidents only in Sleeping Car Porters and Actors Equity A.P. Randolph was on AFL-CIO Executive Board in 1950s 1962 UAW had 75 black staff members out of >1000 total despite membership 1/3 African-American Many African-Americans serve as local officers but rarely elected president This is the crucial office for advancement to national office LA6&A6&H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.*`(4LR0 b(  ^  S 0RH   9  c $@g90 !  9 XD1977 UMW first elected woman president of local. USW first in 1979 H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.*lp0  (  ^  S 0RH   9  c $ m90 !  9 1995 Chavez-Thompson first woman or Hispanic to hold office in that organization Most progress made in 5 largest unions, Teamsters, AFSCME, SEIU, UFCW, and UAW. In 2000 17% Executive Board members of those unions African-American AFSCME's Executive Board is 1/3 African-American LMRwMRw*H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.*@-0 0!(  ^  S 0RH   9  c $90 !  9 Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters affiliated to AFL in 1936 Randolph leading African-American unionist 1964 march on Washington where King made "I have a dream" speech organized by Randolph&>>H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.* _0 @(  ^  S 0RH   9  c $90 !  9 Late 60s 1968 Dodge threatened to leave Hamtramck to escape DRUM Similar caucuses ILGWU no longer exists, part of Unite Coalition of Black Trade Unionists 1972 William Lucy, who holds second highest position in AFSCME Group still exists with Lucy still as President in 2006t 9&%w 9&%w H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.* v0 `(  ^  S 0RH   9  c $90 !  9 LFounded Chicago 1974 Meeting of 3200 delegates from 50 unions in 40 states &77H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.*Ɍq 0 [S(  ^  S 0RH   9M  c $̬90 !  9 cCLUW asked for female representatives on AFL-CIO Executive Council i.e. end tradition that members be presidents of major affiliates Barbara Hutchinson, Women's Director AFGE, became second woman on Executive 1981 Lenore Miller, Retail, Wholesale and Dept Store Union became third woman (1987) and first to be on Executive as president of national union LCBRCBRH  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.*!0 TL(  ^  S 0RH   9F  c $ش90 !  9 rSeems clear that pressure from these groups within unions and Civil Rights groups outside largely responsible for the progress which has been made Institutions don t change without pressure Seemingly radical positions are necessary Look at impact of Eugene Debs on the labor movement Union discrimination/employer discrimination On the one hand, Union discrimination is not and has not been as serious a barrier to employment advancement of women and minorities as employer discrimination On the other hand, it has been more serious in the sense that unions are there to defend the rights of workers and it is particularly odious when they conspire to deprive workers of fair and equal treatmentL.o.oH  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.*j,0 zr (  X  C 0RH   r  S Ϫ0 !   H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.80 zr (  X  C 0RH   9r  S 90 !  9 H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.=r->@BE`GTZ6h}<7px?{]~u*Yz2v"Pn -^9(PM$L#&"b!DȯWHcX;<1-(8 / 0LDAriale00LLԖ-a0Ԗ@ .I. Union MembershipII. Union Discrimination)Historical Early Central OrganizationsAFLGompersAFLCIOCraft and Industrial Unions ContemporaryAFL-CIO Next TimeUnions and the UnderprivilegedAdministrativeReviewToday)I. Public Policy on Union DiscriminationOther Areas of LawSubsequent Legal ChangesGriggs v. Duke Power (1971):II. Minorities and Women in Positions of Union Leadership$Race and Gender in Union LeadershipContemporary SituationCIII. Minority and Womens Efforts to Overcome Union Discrimination9III. African-American Efforts to Overcome DiscriminationCoalition of Labor Union WomenCLUWOther Unions and Issues Next Time  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles vileged._JDonnDonnial-. 2 KDClass @n?" dd@  @@`` PH=9     !#$%&()*+,-./0123456789:;< 0AA@4_ʚ;It*ʚ;g4QdQd&-a0ppp@ <4dddd))0L 0___PPT10 ___PPT9ld ?  %C%Unions and the UnderprivilegedClass 1AdministrativeAReading on this topic should be done already Final Exam ReminderReviewhEmployers, Unions and Law Size and Structure of the Trade Union Movement Issues related union structure Today( Union Membership Union Discrimination D'" " (I. Union MembershipSince 1983 the majority of the labor force does not consist of white males 1985 34% of all unionists women 1995 40% 2006 perhaps 44% 15% of unionists African-American 8% of unionists HispanicII. Union DiscriminationUsually reflected local white mores Segregated auxiliary locals Also reflected employer preferences Similarly unions did not accept women PHistorical  Early Central Organizations))(National Labor Union Advocated equal pay for women Rejected Susan B. Anthony as delegate 1869 Knights of Labor Advocated Equal Pay Did not initially admit women By 1886 9% of members African-AmericanLIYIY AFLBy 1890 AFL asked affiliates to expunge racial exclusions Only Cigar Makers and ITU accepted women IAM denied affiliation by Gompers because of racial exclusion  Gompers1Objected to segregated unions Cigar Makers became first national union to admit women (1867) and accepted African-Americans at the same time Continued to argue that unions with racial exclusions should be denied affiliation Eventually accepted segregated unions as the only way to have unions in the south AFL1930s 11 affiliates with racial exclusions 1934 at Randolph s request, NAACP picketed the AFL convention 1939 AFL announced it would charter no more segregated unions Still existing craft unions frequently continued to exclude women and African-Americans CIOUntil Steelworkers and Autoworkers began to organize African-Americans, only the Sleeping Car Porters had many Murray set up Committee to Abolish Racial Discrimination William Townshend first African-American member of CIO Executive Board Craft and Industrial UnionsBoth negotiated contract provisions detrimental to the disadvantaged Liberal pro-Civil Rights unions had such provisions into the 1960s  Contemporary"All workers whatever their race, color, creed, or national origins are entitled to share in the full benefits of trade union organization" Still 1959 AFL-CIO refused to expel racist unions AFL-CIO fought hard for 1964 Civil Rights ActAFL-CIOVery active Civil Rights Department 1973 reversed long-standing opposition to ERA By 1978 95% of collective bargaining agreements had anti-discrimination clauses More recent issues have related to apprenticeship opportunities and the impact of seniorityZ  Next TimeWPublic Policy on Union Discrimination Progress of Women and African-Americans in unionsUnions and the UnderprivilegedClass 2AdministrativeReading for next time  Labor Political Activity Final Exam ReminderReviewTendency of unions to reflect racism and sexism of the community Still, labor federations including the NLU, the Knights, the AFL, the CIO and the AFL-CIO all relatively advanced on these issues Not advanced enough to satisfy some groupsToday2Public Policy on Union Discrimination Minorities and Women in Positions of Union Leadership Minority and Women s Efforts to Overcome Union Discrimination"  (I. Public Policy on Union Discrimination))(National Labor Relations Act African-Americans lobbied for protection Wagner agreed in principle Eventually Wagner supported the act without this provision (Other Areas of Law1938 Supreme Court ruled African-Americans could organize consumer boycotts of businesses refusing to hire them 1940s courts began to limit rights of locals to discriminate in membership or in bargaining )Subsequent Legal Changes*Railway Labor Act amendments 1951 allowed union shop but membership must be available to all on equal basis Title 7 forbids labor organizations to discriminate or to cause employers to do so 1964 NLRB refused to certify bargaining agent that refused to represent members equally on basis of race +Z++Griggs v. Duke Power (1971)~Employment tests must be job related Facially neutral seniority which perpetuates discriminatory status quo to be overturned #9II. Minorities and Women in Positions of Union Leadership::(1972 over 80% trade unions no female officials Only presidents were Stewards and Stewardesses division of ALPA and veterinarians union First in AFL-CIO union was Kathleen Nolan of SAG in late 1970s 1977 UMW first elected woman president of local.#Race and Gender in Union Leadership$$(Black presidents only in Sleeping Car Porters and Actors Equity 1962 UAW had 75 African-American staff members NEA elected Mary Futrell in 1983. First African-American woman to be union president ?1Contemporary Situation1995 Linda Chavez-Thompson of AFSCME elected Executive Vice President of AFL-CIO 2000 3 members of AFL-CIO 51 member Executive Board were African-American Most progress made in 5 largest unions, Teamsters, AFSCME, SEIU, UFCW, and UAW $III. Minority and Women s Efforts to Overcome Union DiscriminationAfrican-Americans Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters affiliated to AFL in 1936 Randolph and Willard Townshend of United Transport Service Employees first African-Americans on AFL-CIO Executive Board "%8III. African-American Efforts to Overcome Discrimination99(Late 60s, formation of black caucuses in union plants, beginning in autos with Dodge Revolutionary Union Movement in Hamtramck, Michigan Similar caucuses in ILGWU and USW Coalition of Black Trade Unionists 5Coalition of Labor Union Women(Founded Chicago 1974 Purposes Organize nonunion women Promote affirmative action at work Political action and legislation Encourage participation of women in their unions 27 CLUWCLUW asked for female representatives on AFL-CIO Executive Council CLUW president Joyce Miller, ACTWU, since 1980 on AFL-CIO Executive - first woman Barbara Hutchinson, Women's Director AFGE, became second woman on Executive 19818!Other Unions and IssuesNational Association of Working Women - SEIU 925 Seems clear that pressure from these groups within unions and Civil Rights groups outside largely responsible for the progress which has been made Union discrimination/employer discrimination" Next Time;Labor political activities, history and contemporary issues<!</& * , - / 023  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root EntrydO)  Current User&,SummaryInformation(0PowerPoint Document(JDocumentSummaryInformation8      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0  @n?" dd@  @@`` PH=9     !#$%&()*+,-./0123456789:;< 0AA@4_ʚ;It*ʚ;g4QdQd&-a0ppp@ <4dddd))0L 0___PPT10 ___PPT9ld ?  %C%Unions and the UnderprivilegedClass 1AdministrativeAReading on this topic should be done already Final Exam ReminderReviewhEmployers, Unions and Law Size and Structure of the Trade Union Movement Issues related union structure Today( Union Membership Union Discrimination D'" " (I. Union MembershipSince 1983 the majority of the labor force does not consist of white males 1985 34% of all unionists women 1995 40% 2006 perhaps 44% 15% of unionists African-American 8% of unionists HispanicII. Union DiscriminationUsually reflected local white mores Segregated auxiliary locals Also reflected employer preferences Similarly unions did not accept women PHistorical  Early Central Organizations))(National Labor Union Advocated equal pay for women Rejected Susan B. Anthony as delegate 1869 Knights of Labor Advocated Equal Pay Did not initially admit women By 1886 9% of members African-AmericanLIYIY AFLBy 1890 AFL asked affiliates to expunge racial exclusions Only Cigar Makers and ITU accepted women IAM denied affiliation by Gompers because of racial exclusion  Gompers1Objected to segregated unions Cigar Makers became first national union to admit women (1867) and accepted African-Americans at the same time Continued to argue that unions with racial exclusions should be denied affiliation Eventually accepted segregated unions as the only way to have unions in the south AFL1930s 11 affiliates with racial exclusions 1934 at Randolph s request, NAACP picketed the AFL convention 1939 AFL announced it would charter no more segregated unions Still existing craft unions frequently continued to exclude women and African-Americans CIOUntil Steelworkers and Autoworkers began to organize African-Americans, only the Sleeping Car Porters had many Murray set up Committee to Abolish Racial Discrimination William Townshend first African-American member of CIO Executive Board Craft and Industrial UnionsBoth negotiated contract provisions detrimental to the disadvantaged Liberal pro-Civil Rights unions had such provisions into the 1960s  Contemporary"All workers whatever their race, color, creed, or national origins are entitled to share in the full benefits of trade union organization" Still 1959 AFL-CIO refused to expel racist unions AFL-CIO fought hard for 1964 Civil Rights ActAFL-CIOVery active Civil Rights Department 1973 reversed long-standing opposition to ERA By 1978 95% of collective bargaining agreements had anti-discrimination clauses More recent issues have related to apprenticeship opportunities and the impact of seniorityZ  Next TimeWPublic Policy on Union Discrimination Progress of Women and African-Americans in unionsUnions and the UnderprivilegedClass 2AdministrativeReading for next time  Labor Political Activity Final Exam ReminderReviewTendency of unions to reflect racism and sexism of the community Still, labor federations including the NLU, the Knights, the AFL, the CIO and the AFL-CIO all relatively advanced on these issues Not advanced enough to satisfy some groupsToday2Public Policy on Union Discrimination Minorities and Women in Positions of Union Leadership Minority and Women s Efforts to Overcome Union Discrimination"  (I. Public Policy on Union Discrimination))(National Labor Relations Act African-Americans lobbied for protection Wagner agreed in principle Eventually Wagner supported the act without this provision (Other Areas of Law1938 Supreme Court ruled African-Americans could organize consumer boycotts of businesses refusing to hire them 1940s courts began to limit rights of locals to discriminate in membership or in bargaining )Subsequent Legal Changes*Railway Labor Act amendments 1951 allowed union shop but membership must be available to all on equal basis Title 7 forbids labor organizations to discriminate or to cause employers to do so 1964 NLRB refused to certify bargaining agent that refused to represent members equally on basis of race +Z++Griggs v. Duke Power (1971)~Employment tests must be job related Facially neutral seniority which perpetuates discriminatory status quo to be overturned #9II. Minorities and Women in Positions of Union Leadership::(1972 over 80% trade unions no female officials Only presidents were Stewards and Stewardesses division of ALPA and veterinarians union First in AFL-CIO union was Kathleen Nolan of SAG in late 1970s 1977 UMW first elected woman president of local.#Race and Gender in Union Leadership$$(Black presidents only in Sleeping Car Porters and Actors Equity 1962 UAW had 75 African-American staff members NEA elected Mary Futrell in 1983. First African-American woman to be union president ?1Contemporary Situation1995 Linda Chavez-Thompson of AFSCME elected Executive Vice President of AFL-CIO 2000 3 members of AFL-CIO 51 member Executive Board were African-American Most progress made in 5 largest unions, Teamsters, AFSCME, SEIU, UFCW, and UAW $III. Minority and Women s Efforts to Overcome Union DiscriminationAfrican-Americans Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters affiliated to AFL in 1936 Randolph and Willard Townshend of United Transport Service Employees first African-Americans on AFL-CIO Executive Board "%8III. African-American Efforts to Overcome Discrimination99(Late 60s, formation of black caucuses in union plants, beginning in autos with Dodge Revolutionary Union Movement in Hamtramck, Michigan Similar caucuses in ILGWU and USW Coalition of Black Trade Unionists 5Coalition of Labor Union Women(Founded Chicago 1974 Purposes Organize nonunion women Promote affirmative action at work Political action and legislation Encourage participation of women in their unions 27 CLUWCLUW asked for female representatives on AFL-CIO Executive Council CLUW president Joyce Miller, ACTWU, since 1980 on AFL-CIO Executive - first woman Barbara Hutchinson, Women's Director AFGE, became second woman on Executive 19818!Other Unions and IssuesNational Association of Working Women - SEIU 925 Seems clear that pressure from these groups within unions and Civil Rights groups outside largely responsible for the progress which has been made Union discrimination/employer discrimination" Next Time;Labor political activities, history and contemporary issues<!</& * , - / 023469:;<0 ~4(  4^ 4 S 0RH   7x 4 c $70 !  7 H 4 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.( RV0 ~8(  8^ 8 S 0RH   7x 8 c $l70 !  7 H 8 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.(\Yr; <1-(8 / 0LDAriale00LLԖ-a0Ԗ@ .   !"#$%Oh+'0 `h   Unions and the UnderprivilegedadministratorDonn67Microsoft PowerPoint@lg@#(@ Gg  k  y--$xx--'@Arial-. 2 0/Unions and the ."System:-@Arial-. 2 <.Underprivileged.-@Arial-. 2 KDClass 1.-՜.+,0     On-screen Showle moyne collegeJ ' "ArialDefault DesignUnions and the UnderprivilegedAdministrativeReviewToday469:;<0 ~<(  <^ < S 0RH   7x < c $L70 !  7 H < 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.(NY 0 ~@(  @^ @ S 0RH   7x @ c $70 !  7 H @ 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.((E 0 ~@P(  P^ P S 0RH   7x P c $`70 !  7 H P 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.(1 0 ~PT(  T^ T S 0RH   7x T c $`0 !  7 H T 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.(@N 0 ~`X(  X^ X S 0RH   7x X c $70 !  7 H X 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.(`Yh 0 ~d(  d^ d S 0RH   9x d c $90 !  9 H d 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.(h0 ~h(  h^ h S 0RH   9x h c $90 !  9 H h 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.(@D0 ~`(  ^  S 0RH   9x  c $X90 !  9 H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.*xd0 ,(  ^  S 0RH   9  c $(190 !  9 "H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.*@o0 ,(  ^  S 0RH   9  c $E90 !  9 "H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.*@ۈj0 ~(  ^  S 0RH   9x  c $L90 !  9 H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.*l0 ,(  ^  S 0RH   9  c $\_90 !  9 "H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.*`(4L0 ~(  ^  S 0RH   9x  c $@g90 !  9 H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.*lp0 ~ (  ^  S 0RH   9x  c $ m90 !  9 H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.*@-0 0,(  ^  S 0RH   9  c $90 !  9 "H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.* _0 ~@(  ^  S 0RH   9x  c $90 !  9 H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.* v0 ~`(  ^  S 0RH   9x  c $90 !  9 H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.*Ɍq 0 ,(  ^  S 0RH   9  c $̬90 !  9 "H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.*!0 ~(  ^  S 0RH   9x  c $ش90 !  9 H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.*j,r|'"@$&(* , /&1*'3, K5o7/ }9;20=?A6C9 E!H/J<1