ࡱ> &+( / 0LDArialԖe0Ԗ0ll-a0@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` 60      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123 0AA@[Nʚ;'\'ʚ;g4JdJdP!0 -a0ppp@ <4dddd8))0l 0___PPT10 ~___PPT9`X?  %#Contemporary Period9Lecture 1 Contingent Employment and Employment ConditionsAdministrativeV Reading for next time  Material in Boris and Lichtenstein (Article by Ross,  Temp Blues and  Sweatshop Workers Speak Out ) and Perspectives on Work (Article by Sleigh)Review1970s and 1980s New patterns of unionism, bargaining and conflict Government anti-unionism Post-industrial society Women in the labor force White men in the labor force New approaches to union organizing$ZZTodayJ Growth of Contingent Employment New Technology and Employment ConditionsK" K"I. Growth of Contingent Employment##(yCategories workers classified as contingent Temporaries Part-timers Seasonal workers Consultants Contractors Free-lancers,Nz (Characteristics of Contingent Employment))(NInsecurity No career ladder No fringe benefits No unionization Lack of legal protections Many  temps are really  perma temps working for the same company for years r1 "Defenders of Contingent Employment##(jClaim employees want the flexibility Provides employment that wouldn t be there otherwise for people who need it Employers need this to be able to compete in the global market place "Opponents of Contingent Employment##(In Europe, in several countries, temporary agencies are required to provide benefits Part-time employees are entitled to proportional benefits Employers will find employees unwilling to learn skills and insufficiently loyal,II. New Technology and Employment Conditions--(Physical difficulty of work Injuries at work Repetitive stress injuries Ergonomics Authoritarian rules  on call 6-&-&Growth of Sweat ShopsbBoth in older technologies (shoes and textiles) and in newer technologies (computers) Employers increasingly demand that work comes before anything else  Full service employers Privacy at Work (and off)Electronic Monitoring Computer software that tracks how many key strokes you do per minute, how many seconds you are not working at the keyboard, what web sites you visit Reading employees e-mail Privacy at Work (and off)ZTelephone Monitoring Camera monitoring Supermarkets and Department stores School buses Hired Investigators At work  to check for theft Away from work  to check on absencesL'0C'0C  Next Time!Unions in the contemporary periodContemporary PeriodLecture 2 Unions and StrikesAdministrativeOReading on Union Organization, Employers and the Law Grady Roth Neither in B&L&55ReviewHGrowth of Contingent Employment New Technology and Employment ConditionsTodayJUnion Membership and Organizing AFL-CIO Strikes in the Contemporary PeriodK" K"I. Union Membership and Organizing##(What happened to union membership and union density in the 1990s? Tremendous number of union mergers Union interest in corporate governance *Union OrganizingContinued failure of unions to organize fast enough to offset membership losses Growing organization among new groups, especially of low wage and powerless workers Successful organizing not based on the NLRB model+Union OrganizingOrganization of home health aids Dramatic growth of unionization among graduate student teaching assistants Union Network International, Unionization in Higher Education!!(AAUP Yeshiva Decision (1980) Supreme Court Result was halt to faculty unionization in private universities Sudden and dramatic growth of Graduate student unions in 1990s Favorable NLRB decisions Employers responded as they always do II. AFL-CIONo seriously contested election for president since 1900 1995 coalition challenged Lane Kirkland with President of Service Employees, John Sweeney Forced Kirkland s resignation in favor of Secretary-Treasurer Tom Donahue Donahue still lost to Sweeney&hh" II. AFL-CIO@New officers represented the new work force and the new unionism Sweeney  Service Employees Richard Trumka  United Mine Workers Linda Chavez-Thompson - AFSCMEe6# II. AFL-CIOAFL-CIO accepted need to diversify its own governing structures Attempted to increase dramatically resources devoted to organizing Developed the  union summer program for college students  Union City campaign2II. AFL-CIO: the split of 20056Underlying issues  Change to Win coalition failed to gain majority at 2005 AFL-CIO Convention SEIU and Teamsters disaffiliated Retaliation New Federation ('III. Strikes in the Contemporary Period(((Continued frequent use of strike replacements and threat of strike replacements What happened to the pattern of strikes in the 1990s? UPS strike - 1997 )*Opportunities for Effective Strike Tactics++(Tactics of graduate teaching assistants Opportunities due to lean production and just-in-time inventory management Beginnings of international union cooperation  Next Time)Union Organization, Employers and the Law/  !$% & ' - . /013P  0` 33` Sf3f` 33g` f` www3PP` ZXdbmo` \ғ3y`Ӣ` 3f3ff` 3f3FKf` hk]wwwfܹ` ff>>\`Y{ff` R>&- {p_/̴>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> f(    6$N0  `} 0 T Click to edit Master title style! !  0P0  ` 0 RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     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3380___PPT10.+30 D<4(  4X 4 C (   < < 4 S (x( 0  <  2Claim employees want the flexibility Mostly provides flexibility for the employer, not the employee If employees are unavailable too often or don t want to work the hours required, they don t get to work at all Provides employment Many more people wouldn t need it if their spouses or partners hadn t been downgraded to contingent employment Employers need this No, employers want it because it is cheaper %o,%o,H 4 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.Lsr0  H(  HX H C (   <  H S < ( 0  <  Physical difficulty of work Work not as physically difficult as it was Not as much pure physical exertion Injuries at work Nature of injuries has changed Repetitive stress injuries Growth of stress at the work place and repetitive stress injuries. Authoritarian rules Workers often forbidden to talk to each other during work time On call Many workers given pagers or cell phones so that they can be contacted 24/7N C? LN C ? LH H 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.ӛ 0 *"0L(  LX L C (   < " L S З< ( 0  <  XReading employees e-mail the Mangino story&H L 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10. 0 @P(  PX P C (   <  P S ̣< ( 0  <  gTelephone Monitoring This call may be monitored or recorded for quality assurance or training purposes&RRH P 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.s( 0 `X8(  XX X C (   <  X S 8< ( 0  <  :In Europe In all of these countries there is a national health plan not tied to employment Employers will find employees unwilling to It doesn t have to be this way Any more than the railroads in the 1870s had to keep cutting wages and any more than steel works had to work people 12 hour shifts It is just profitable for the employer so they like it this wayL Q, Q,H X 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.`F0 <4d(  dX d C (   < 4 d S  < ( 0  <  >Growth of Sweat Shops Low wages, long hours, poor conditions, no representation Employers increasingly demand People unwilling to move their families around the country and even around the world are often seen as insufficiently dedicated  Full service employers May take care of your dry cleaning and laundry, renew drivers licenses, purchase cards and gifts for spouses and children, arrange for doctors and dentists who will make appointments outside of work time, etc. Not really services. Really a way to keep you constantly at workt:: H d 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.am0  }(  X  C (   <   S < ( 0  <  What happened to union membership and union density in the 1990s? Membership and density both continued to decline, especially in the first half of the decade Tremendous Number of Union mergers The only way unions could see to maintain enough resources to provide for their members Largest included URW into the USWA ILGWU and ACTW into the Union of Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees (UNITE) and then later with HERE to become UNITE/HERE and the United Paperworkers and the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers into the Paper, Allied-Industrial, Chemical and Energy International Union (PACE) Also IUE became a division of CWA Union interest in Corporate governance Even before recent spate of corporate scandals unions had begun to use their pension funds to try to improve corporate governance For example sponsoring shareholder resolutions to prevent companies from giving consulting work to the firms that audit them B]%(B]%(,a h H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.0 P#(  X  C (   <   S < ( 0  <  %AFL-CIO As of 2005 58 affiliated unions No seriously contested Only in 1894 was an incumbent president defeated Samuel Gompers lost to a candidate favored by the socialists after he and his allies had outmaneuvered the socialists over AFL policies 1995 Coalition Kirkland seen as insufficiently imaginative and innovative Not enough emphasis on organizing Sweeney supporters called their slate New Voicet   H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10._0 2*`(  X  C (   < *  S = ( 0  <  8Sweeney  represented employees in the service sector and one of the few unions growing at a significant rate Trumka  the forces of reform in the trade union movement Chavez-Thompson  new position of Executive VP Representing white collar and public sector employees Also the first woman to have an AFL-CIO Executive office and the first Latina to hold high office in the trade union movement She retired in 2007 and was replaced by Arlene Holt Baker Baker also from AFSCME Highest office ever held by an African-American in AFL-CIO NRR oH  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.\0  p(  X  C (   =   S d= ( 0  =  4AFL-CIO accepted need to diversify its own governing structures Coalition including the Coalition of Black Trade Unionists, Coalition of Labor Union Women, Asia-Pacific American Labor Alliance, the Labor Council for Latin American Advancement and the A. Philip Randolph Institute all agreed to demand greater diversity At first convention after Sweeney s election, agreed to expand the Executive Council and elected 6 women, 9 African Americans, one Latino and one Asian American to it Union City campaign Helped make Las Vegas one of the most unionized cities in the country and one of the few where working in a hotel can support a modest middle-class life styleL@@H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.%U| 0 (  X  C (   =   S .= ( 0  =  Continued failure Membership losses due to growth of non-union sectors (services and high tech) and decline of employment in highly unionized sectors (mining, manufacturing, transportation) Also due to more aggressive employer anti-unionism Growing organization among new groups 2003 group of 18 lawyers at a Phoenix discount law firm joined the teamsters New union of freelancers, contractors and consultants based in NY  The Freelancers Union 30,000 members in NY  members charged only according to what benefits and services they select Have negotiated favorable health insurance rates Use the extra revenue to lobby for laws favorable to such kinds of workers Successful Organizing Unions that have been successful have relied more on negotiating neutrality and card check agreements Unions now organize about twice as many employees annually this way as through NLRB elections'' H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.7 0 (  X  C (   =   S @= ( 0  =  Organization of home health aids California organization of home health aids the largest single successful organizing campaign in decades Dramatic growth of unionization Role of TAs in major research universities When I was a graduate student in Economics at MIT, most regular faculty never taught undergraduates at all TAs did almost all of it Union Network International Group of about 900 unions around the world with 15 million members Trying to make a world-wide effort to organize Walmartt!i!z!i!z H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.7 vd0 t(  X  C (   =   S  V= ( 0  =  vAAUP Role of AAUP in promoting and defending academic freedom Yeshiva In major universities, faculty are management and thus not protected by the NLRA Brennan, dissent, obviously majority have never been assistant professors at a major university Some major state university systems largely unionized including SUNY (though not by AAUP but by UUP) Sudden and dramatic growth Including NYU, Yale and the U of Cal system Employer responded These are students, not employees Called this a threat to academic freedom Attempted to blacklist those engaged in industrial action and punished faculty who refused to threaten graduate students To this point, this is still a growing area of unionism but legal situation now is that these are probably not employees INS and IRS have considered them employees all along NYU withdrew recognition as soon as these rulings allowed them to. Result was a strike in the Spring 2006 semester but no contract9 , 9    ,    H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.8G 0  (  X  C (   =    S |v= ( 0  =  )What happened to the pattern of strikes in the 1990s? Strikes all but disappeared Most of the ones that occurred involved threats or actuality of replacement and in many cases the workers went back to work with the strike called off with no gains over what they had been offered or with no collective bargaining agreement at all In many of those cases, most of the workers never got their jobs back UPS strike Successful model Carried on with careful public relations campaign as drivers attempted to explain to customers what they were doing and why `6Y 6Y H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.92Z0 j(  X  C (   =   S = ( 0  =  lTactics of graduate teaching assistants TAs don t turn in grades Opportunities due to lean production and just-in-time inventory management JIT creates opportunities to stop entire production cycle by interfering with some key points in that cycle Beginnings of international union cooperation Cooperation with Liverpool dockers and their anti-privatization striket(Ll/G(Ll/G H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.:`x 0   0 (  X  C (   =    S  = ( 0  =   Underlying issues Group of unions led by Andy Stern of SEIU (Sweeney s old union) Also Teamsters, UFCW (these three the largest three in the AFL-CIO with about 1/3 total membership) Also United Farm Workers, UNITE/HERE, Laborers, and Carpenters (who left AFL-CIO in 2001)  Change to Win coalition Emphasize organizing more and politics less SEIU spends more on organizing than whole AFL-CIO budget More centralized AFL-CIO that can force smaller unions to merge and to engage in industry-wide bargaining Force unions into broad multi-union organizing campaigns  Change to Win coalition failed to gain majority at 2005 AFL-CIO Convention IAM threatened to disaffiliate if coalition won Afraid of being forced to merge against their will SEIU and Teamsters disaffiliated UFCW also disaffiliated a few weeks later. UNITE/HERE did so later as did United Farm Workers. Together had about 35% members of AFL-CIO affiliates Retaliation AFL-CIO ordered disaffiliated unions expelled from state federations and local labor councils Ordered affiliates not to cooperate with them New Federation Unions that left have formed a new Federation, Change to Win +Also Carpenters have affiliated (they were already outside AFL-CIO)P"PMPdP!PP PPPP " M d !      H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.rP+;=?B[DYls5U_~@ˡ$bgZl o%xqr~Sv}/<UHE{,31+( / 0LDAriale00LLԖ-a0Ԗ@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` 60On-screen Showle moyne collegeb' ArialDefault DesignContemporary PeriodAdministrativeReviewToday#I. Growth of Contingent Employment)Characteristics of Contingent Employment#Defenders of Contingent Employment#Opponents of Contingent Employment-II. New Technology and Employment ConditionsGrowth of Sweat ShopsPrivacy at Work (and off)Privacy at Work (and off) Next TimeContemporary PeriodAdministrativeReviewToday#I. Union Membership and OrganizingUnion OrganizingUnion Organizing!Unionization in Higher Education II. AFL-CIO II. AFL-CIO II. AFL-CIOII. AFL-CIO: the split of 2005(III. Strikes in the Contemporary Period+Opportunities for Effective Strike Tactics Next Time  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titlest an_>DonnDonn.-@Arial-. '2 ^*Employment Conditions.-՜.+,0     *On-screen Showle moyne collegeb' ArialDefault DesignContemporary PeriodAdministrativeReviewToday#I. Growth of Contingent Employment)Characteristics of Contingent Employment#Defenders of Contingent Employment#Opponents of Contingent Employment-II. New Technology and Employment ConditionsGrowth of Sweat ShopsPrivacy at Work (and off)Privacy at Work (and off) Next TimeContemporary PeriodAdministrativeReviewToday#I. Union Membership and OrganizingUnion OrganizingUnion Organizing!Unionization in Higher Education II. AFL-CIO II. AFL-CIO II. AFL-CIOII. AFL-CIO: the split of 2005(III. Strikes in the Contemporary Period+Opportunities for Effective Strike Tactics Next Time  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles_bDonnDonn  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root EntrydO)0om'@ Current User(,SummaryInformation(PowerPoint Document(bDocumentSummaryInformation8      !"#$%()      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123 0AA@[Nʚ;'\'ʚ;g4JdJdP!0-a0ppp@ <4dddd))0L 0___PPT10 ~___PPT9`X?  %#Contemporary Period9Lecture 1 Contingent Employment and Employment ConditionsAdministrativeV Reading for next time  Material in Boris and Lichtenstein (Article by Ross,  Temp Blues and  Sweatshop Workers Speak Out ) and Perspectives on Work (Article by Sleigh)Review1970s and 1980s New patterns of unionism, bargaining and conflict Government anti-unionism Post-industrial society Women in the labor force White men in the labor force New approaches to union organizing$ZZTodayJ Growth of Contingent Employment New Technology and Employment ConditionsK" K"I. Growth of Contingent Employment##(yCategories workers classified as contingent Temporaries Part-timers Seasonal workers Consultants Contractors Free-lancers,Nz (Characteristics of Contingent Employment))(NInsecurity No career ladder No fringe benefits No unionization Lack of legal protections Many  temps are really  perma temps working for the same company for years r1 "Defenders of Contingent Employment##(jClaim employees want the flexibility Provides employment that wouldn t be there otherwise for people who need it Employers need this to be able to compete in the global market place "Opponents of Contingent Employment##(In Europe, in several countries, temporary agencies are required to provide benefits Part-time employees are entitled to proportional benefits Employers will find employees unwilling to learn skills and insufficiently loyal,II. New Technology and Employment Conditions--(Physical difficulty of work Injuries at work Repetitive stress injuries Ergonomics Authoritarian rules  on call 6-&-&Growth of Sweat ShopsbBoth in older technologies (shoes and textiles) and in newer technologies (computers) Employers increasingly demand that work comes before anything else  Full service employers Privacy at Work (and off)Electronic Monitoring Computer software that tracks how many key strokes you do per minute, how many seconds you are not working at the keyboard, what web sites you visit Reading employees e-mail Privacy at Work (and off)ZTelephone Monitoring Camera monitoring Supermarkets and Department stores School buses Hired Investigators At work  to check for theft Away from work  to check on absencesL'0C'0C  Next Time!Unions in the contemporary periodContemporary PeriodLecture 2 Unions and StrikesAdministrativeOReading on Union Organization, Employers and the Law Grady Roth Neither in B&L&55ReviewHGrowth of Contingent Employment New Technology and Employment ConditionsTodayJUnion Membership and Organizing AFL-CIO Strikes in the Contemporary PeriodK" K"I. Union Membership and Organizing##(What happened to union membership and union density in the 1990s? Tremendous number of union mergers Union interest in corporate governance *Union OrganizingContinued failure of unions to organize fast enough to offset membership losses Growing organization among new groups, especially of low wage and powerless workers Successful organizing not based on the NLRB model+Union OrganizingOrganization of home health aids Dramatic growth of unionization among graduate student teaching assistants Union Network International, Unionization in Higher Education!!(AAUP Yeshiva Decision (1980) Supreme Court Result was halt to faculty unionization in private universities Sudden and dramatic growth of Graduate student unions in 1990s Favorable NLRB decisions Employers responded as they always do II. AFL-CIONo seriously contested election for president since 1900 1995 coalition challenged Lane Kirkland with President of Service Employees, John Sweeney Forced Kirkland s resignation in favor of Secretary-Treasurer Tom Donahue Donahue still lost to Sweeney&hh" II. AFL-CIO@New officers represented the new work force and the new unionism Sweeney  Service Employees Richard Trumka  United Mine Workers Linda Chavez-Thompson - AFSCMEe6# II. AFL-CIOAFL-CIO accepted need to diversify its own governing structures Attempted to increase dramatically resources devoted to organizing Developed the  union summer program for college students  Union City campaign2II. AFL-CIO: the split of 20056Underlying issues  Change to Win coalition failed to gain majority at 2005 AFL-CIO Convention SEIU and Teamsters disaffiliated Retaliation New Federation ('III. Strikes in the Contemporary Period(((Continued frequent use of strike replacements and threat of strike replacements What happened to the pattern of strikes in the 1990s? 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