ࡱ>  (8 / 0LDArialԖe0Ԗ0ll-a0@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` 3+     !"#$%&'()*+,-./0 0AA@ʚ;:h$ʚ;g4EdEdP& -a0dppp@ <4dddd8))0lx 0___PPT10 ~___PPT9`X?  % The 1960sClass 1 Administrativev Reading for next time  Teacher Unionism and Cesar Chavez:<ReviewdMerger of the AFL and the CIO in 1956 Emergence of anti-labor statutes Taft-Hartley Landrum-Griffin&HHTodayZRacial Issues in the Work Place Evolution of Strikes Automation Employee Health and Safety[" [ I. Racial Issues at WorkBy 1960s US had a clear dual labor market Parts of the economy that were unionized were growing the most slowly or shrinking in terms of employment Millions worked in restaurants, laundries and garment sweatshops Racial Issues at WorkOnly after 1960 did government begin to attack discrimination with any seriousness By 1961 only about 20% of collective bargaining agreements had anti-discrimination clauses Merged AFL-CIO admitted two railway brotherhoods with formal racial exclusions Civil Rights Act of 1964Minorities and Union OrganizingHospital and health care workers Agricultural workers Construction unions and their hiring halls Minority caucuses formed in most major industrial unionsZ AFL-CIO Support for Civil Rights!!(AFL-CIO supported civil rights movement Also supported racial integration Cost much of the southern labor movement many of its members 1971 Griggs v. Duke Power II. Evolution of strikesChanged pattern of strikes Exemplified by the 1959 steel strike Violence of earlier time periods subsided in most industries Unions failed in political efforts to repeal or modify Taft-Hartley III. AutomationHThe great automation debate Cause of much of the conflict of that period IV. Employee Health and SafetyTraditionally law dealt just with the consequences Federal Government now began to talk about taking responsibility for prevention of occupational injuries and accidents Mine Safety and Health Act Occupational Safety and Health Act  Next Time"Growth of public employee unionism  The 1960sClass 2 Excluded Workers Administrative Reading for next time on the 1970s and 1980s  none for next time but all to be done by the second classijReviewDual labor market at the beginning of the 1960s Government beginning to take responsibility for equal treatment in the labor market Changed pattern of industrial conflict Government taking responsibility for industrial health and safety TodayxLabor Movement in 1960 Exclusion of industry and occupational categories Growth in unionism for some of those categoriesy" y I. Labor Movement in 1960 What groups of industries and occupations were heavily unionized in 1960? Mass production industries: automobiles, steel, tires, electronics Construction: including relatively unskilled laborers Transportation: railroads, truck drivers, sailors, airlines Miners "KZZ"1II. Exclusion of Industry and Occupational Groups22(What industries and occupations were largely untouched by unionism? White collar, professional, managerial occupations Public sector employees Wholesale and retail trade Finance and Insurance Service industries Agriculture D# Exclusion#Managers Professionals Farm workers)III. Growth of Unionism in New Categories**(tFarm Workers Development of United Farm Workers in California Affiliated with AFL-CIO The Grape and Lettuce Boycotts&Growth of Unionism~Teachers What groups were involved in attempting to unionize teachers? How were the approaches of these two groups different? u(Growth of UnionismTeacher unionism part of growth of unionism by public employees Changes in legal situation New York Condon-Wadlin Taylor Law (1967) 8d d k)2Arguments for and against public sector bargaining33(Arguments against Sovereignty Doctrine Workers too likely to win strikes Civil Service already exists Arguments in favor Government workers should not be denied rights available to other workers Government as an employer acts much like other employersTZUZZZU,Growth of UnionismPublic sector went from one of least to one of most unionized sectors of the economy Teachers are now widely organized Collective Bargaining in school districts is absolutely the norm Teacher unions are among the most powerful lobbying groups in Washington and state capitals . 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33  ___PPT10 ..D +[W_D* ' 8= @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*U%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Uw%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*w%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(+8+0+0 +$ 0 $(  r  S 6 `}  6 r  S x6 ` 6 H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.F@_h0 ,x(  ,^ , S (RH   6 , c $6( !  6 nBy 1961 only about 20% Anti-discrimination clauses mostly in UAW, IUE and UE contracts Civil Rights Act 1964 Bans discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion or national origin Enforced both by lawsuits and by the Equal Employment Opportunity CommissionL@@H , 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.`0 ,$0(  0^ 0 S (RH   6 0 c $<56( !  6 "Hospital and health care workers Below the level of doctor and nurse Often African-American and Hispanic Excluded from the NLRA Often forbidden by state law to strike or even to organize Agricultural workers Also excluded from NLRA Much of the work done by migrant workers, often immigrants and frequently illegal immigrants Beginning of the national grape boycott Construction unions and their hiring halls Construction unions frequently all white Impact of this in a hiring hall industry Didn t allow anyone to enter but sons and nephews of members African-Americans tried in some cases to create their own competing unions but this didn t work wellt",", H 0 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.RxK0 ~4(  4^ 4 S (RH   6x 4 c $ J6( !  6 H 4 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.4 0   8D (  8^ 8 S (RH   6  8 c $,U6( !  6 : ^ Changed pattern 1952 Steel strike had been in middle of Korean War. Truman seized the industry and Supreme Court later ruled he didn t have the authority Exemplified by the 1959 steel strike 1959 steel strike began in July and lasted several months and cost almost 42 million work days lost. President Eisenhower invoked Taft-Hartley in October. Union leadership bitterly attacked the government for strike breaking and the strike wasn t settled until the injunction was about to expire in January 1960. Wages were the ostensible issue but it was really mostly about the desire of management to change work rules and automate processes and the union was largely victorious on these issues Peaceful picketing Companies turned on lights at night so strikers could play ball and turned on water when it was hot Violence of earlier time periods Exception to reduction in violence was in the coal mining industry In 1969 UMW election resulted in Tony Boyle s reelection to the presidency of the union Defeated Jock Yablonski. Seemed clear the election was rife with fraud. Some months later Yablonski and his whole family murdered in their beds Boyle later convicted of arranging the murdersZZ&ZnZ"Z^Z  & n " ^  , G \H 8 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.Z0 @(  @^ @ S (RH   6 @ c $6( !  6 :AFL-CIO supported Race riots in major cities including Detroit and Los Angeles with major damage and major loss of life Still substantial tension between civil rights groups and unions Issues included racial exclusions and also impact of seniority and seniority provisions Griggs v. Duke Power What about job selection or promotion criteria that don t use race? Requiring a school diploma, etc? If qualification has an adverse impact, then must show it correlates with ability to do the job Huge impact on the growth of the HR professionLH @ 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.f0 Dv(  D^ D S (RH   6 D c $6( !  6 lTraditionally law dealt with consequences  Workers compensation Dates from around 1900 Mine Safety and Health Act Mostly focused on Black lung disease OSHA  1970 (Republican President Nixon) Created Occupational Safety and Health Administration Supposed to set standards and inspect workplaces to assure compliance Has been very controversial among employers t--%*--%* H D 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.U$ 0 PT(  T^ T S (RH   6 T c $6( !  6 By 1960s Upper end  mostly white male workers had good wages, steady jobs and, in many cases, union protection Lower end  mostly minorities and women with low wages, instability and insecurity and generally no unions Parts of the economy Slow  mining, transportation, construction and manufacturing, blue collar occupations Fast  service industries, white collar occupations Millions worked in restaurants, laundries and garment sweatshops Generally without union protection and often below the minimum wage because they were excluded by law or because they were defenseless against employers willing to exploit them  C CH T 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.:`%r 0 6.p\(  \^ \ S (RH   6( \ c $,6( !  6 fThe great automation debate By 1963 auto companies producing more cars than in 1955 with 17% fewer employees In steel, half as many workers were producing as much steel as in 1946 President of General Motors took Reuther on a tour of a new automated plant Told Reuther that in the future he wouldn t be able to get these machines to pay union dues Reuther s reply was to ask how General Motors was going to sell cars to those machines:H \ 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.<0 ph (  X  C (RH   6h  S P6( !  6 What groups of industries and occupations were heavily unionized in 1960? Unionization was predominantly a blue-collar private sector phenomenon This made the US different from other countries&JwJwH  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.A0 zr@ (  X  C (RH   6r  S 6( !  6 H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.A`1h{90 `I(  X  C (RH   6  S 6( !  6 KManagers Employers managed to convince people that this was inappropriate, divided loyalty Unprotected by law Professionals Employers managed to convince people that unionism was inconsistent with professionalism Employers convinced people that it was unprofessional to discuss salary publicly Case of professional baseball Farm workers Bald-faced political trade off to get the Wagner Act passed So no legal protection  eS eSH  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.A?ֹI0 pY(  X  C (RH   6  S (6( !  6 [Farm workers Are still overwhelmingly unorganized Still very few states where there is a supportive legal framework Development of United Farm Workers UFW and Cesar Chavez Reflect group with common heritage in the largest agricultural state in the nation with a focus on labor intensive fruit and vegetable crops Aided in 1970s by passage of favorable legislation The Grape and Lettuce Boycotts: Took advantage of exclusion from NLRA g$#&g$#&H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.B"0 2(  X  C (RH   6  S 6( !  6 4 What groups were involved in attempting to unionize teachers? AFT (AFL-CIO) and the NEA How were the approaches AFT a union Believed in collective bargaining Eventually agreed that occasionally it may be necessary to strike NEA much older as a professional association Didn t believe in striking or even in bargaining as such? d-9? d- 9H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.C`UoX0 h`(  X  C (RH   8`  S 8( !  8 6Changes in legal situation 1959 Wisconsin first state to provide specifically for unionism by state and local employees. President Kennedy issued Executive Order granting Federal employees limited bargaining rights Condin-Wadlin What did Condon-Wadlin provide with regard to unions and collective bargaining? (in assigned reading for today) Didn t provide any right to bargain Prohibited strikes by public employees and required that any who struck be fired and, if taken back at all, rehired at the bottom Taylor Law Requires employers to recognize and bargain with unions favored by the majority of their employees Prohibits strikes and created 2 for 1 penaltyt   , H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.C0 jb(  X  C (RH   8b  S 8( !  8 r Teachers are now widely organized In NY State hardly any teachers at all who have chosen not to unionize Teacher unions are among the most powerful lobbying groups in Washington and state capitals What did Bush s Secretary of Education, Rod Paige, say on February 23, 2004, about teacher unions? Called NEA a  terrorist organization Why? Opposes Bush administration education policies He accused it of acting in opposition to the wishes of rank and file teachers on standards and school accountability Paige later said this was an inappropriate choice of words to describe the NEA s obstructionist scare tactics With over 2.5 million members, NEA is the nation s largest labor organizationL#G]#G]IlH  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.Dt 0 (  X  C (RH     S Ȕ( !    H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.ur p13z68 GTp`*K"%o-b}/;]B;G~SO*ǚ O U X ZL^=bg=o wy11 (8 / 0LDAriale00LLԖ-a0Ԗ@ .  @n?" dd@  @@``     On-screen Showle moyne collegefv' ArialDefault Design The 1960sAdministrativeReviewTodayI. Racial Issues at WorkRacial Issues at Work Minorities and Union Organizing!AFL-CIO Support for Civil RightsII. Evolution of strikesIII. AutomationIV. Employee Health and Safety Next Time The 1960sAdministrativeReviewTodayI. Labor Movement in 19602II. Exclusion of Industry and Occupational Groups Exclusion*III. Growth of Unionism in New CategoriesGrowth of UnionismGrowth of Unionism3Arguments for and against public sector bargainingGrowth of Unionism Next Time  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles_BDonnDonn/ 0LDAriale00LLԖ-a0Ԗ@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` 3+     !"#$%&'()*+,-./0 0AA@ʚ;:h$ʚ;g4EdEdP&-a0dppp@ <4dddd))0Lx 0___PPT10 ~___PPT9`X?  % The 1960sClass 1 Administrativev Reading for next time  Teacher Unionism and Cesar Chavez:<ReviewdMerger of the AFL and the CIO in 1956 Emergence of anti-labor statutes Taft-Hartley Landrum-Griffin&HHTodayZRacial Issues in the Work Place Evolution of Strikes Automation Employee Health and Safety[" [ I. Racial Issues at WorkBy 1960s US had a clear dual labor market Parts of the economy that were unionized were growing the most slowly or shrinking in terms of employment Millions worked in restaurants, laundries and garment sweatshops Racial Issues at WorkOnly after 1960 did government begin to attack discrimination with any seriousness By 1961 only about 20% of collective bargaining agreements had anti-discrimination clauses Merged AFL-CIO admitted two railway brotherhoods with formal racial exclusions Civil Rights Act of 1964Minorities and Union OrganizingHospital and health care workers Agricultural workers Construction unions and their hiring halls Minority caucuses formed in most major industrial unionsZ AFL-CIO Support for Civil Rights!!(AFL-CIO supported civil rights movement Also supported racial integration Cost much of the southern labor movement many of its members 1971 Griggs v. Duke Power II. Evolution of strikesChanged pattern of strikes Exemplified by the 1959 steel strike Violence of earlier time periods subsided in most industries Unions failed in political efforts to repeal or modify Taft-Hartley III. AutomationHThe great automation debate Cause of much of the conflict of that period IV. Employee Health and SafetyTraditionally law dealt just with the consequences Federal Government now began to talk about taking responsibility for prevention of occupational injuries and accidents Mine Safety and Health Act Occupational Safety and Health Act  Next Time"Growth of public employee unionism  The 1960sClass 2 Excluded Workers Administrative Reading for next time on the 1970s and 1980s  none for next time but all to be done by the second classijReviewDual labor market at the beginning of the 1960s Government beginning to take responsibility for equal treatment in the labor market Changed pattern of industrial conflict Government taking responsibility for industrial health and safety TodayxLabor Movement in 1960 Exclusion of industry and occupational categories Growth in unionism for some of those categoriesy" y I. Labor Movement in 1960 What groups of industries and occupations were heavily unionized in 1960? Mass production industries: automobiles, steel, tires, electronics Construction: including relatively unskilled laborers Transportation: railroads, truck drivers, sailors, airlines Miners "KZZ"1II. Exclusion of Industry and Occupational Groups22(What industries and occupations were largely untouched by unionism? White collar, professional, managerial occupations Public sector employees Wholesale and retail trade Finance and Insurance Service industries Agriculture D# Exclusion#Managers Professionals Farm workers)III. Growth of Unionism in New Categories**(tFarm Workers Development of United Farm Workers in California Affiliated with AFL-CIO The Grape and Lettuce Boycotts&Growth of Unionism~Teachers What groups were involved in attempting to unionize teachers? How were the approaches of these two groups different? u(Growth of UnionismTeacher unionism part of growth of unionism by public employees Changes in legal situation New York Condon-Wadlin Taylor Law (1967) 8d d k)2Arguments for and against public sector bargaining33(Arguments against Sovereignty Doctrine Workers too likely to win strikes Civil Service already exists Arguments in favor Government workers should not be denied rights available to other workers Government as an employer acts much like other employersTZUZZZU,Growth of UnionismPublic sector went from one of least to one of most unionized sectors of the economy Teachers are now widely organized Collective Bargaining in school districts is absolutely the norm Teacher unions are among the most powerful lobbying groups in Washington and state capitals . Next Time#Begin discussion of 1970s and 1980s/  !$ % ' * + -/$0 84(  8^ 8 S (RH   6 8 c $,U6( !  6 *Z H 8 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.Z0 ~@(  @^ @ S (RH   6x @ c $6( !  6 H @ 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.0 ~D(  D^ D S (RH   6x D c $6( !  6 H D 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.U$ 0 ~p\(  \^ \ S (RH   6x \ c $,6( !  6 H \ 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.<0 zr  (  X  C (RH   6r  S P6( !  6 H  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.A0 {`(  X  C (RH   6{  S 6( !  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root EntrydO)0iWCurrent User,SummaryInformation(\PowerPoint Document(fDocumentSummaryInformation8<3+     !"#$%&'()*+,-./0 0AA@ʚ;:h$ʚ;g4EdEdP&-a0dppp@ <4dddd))0Lx 0___PPT10 ~___PPT9`X?  % The 1960sClass 1 Administrativev Reading for next time  Teacher Unionism and Cesar Chavez:<ReviewdMerger of the AFL and the CIO in 1956 Emergence of anti-labor statutes Taft-Hartley Landrum-Griffin&HHTodayZRacial Issues in the Work Place Evolution of Strikes Automation Employee Health and Safety[" [ I. Racial Issues at WorkBy 1960s US had a clear dual labor market Parts of the economy that were unionized were growing the most slowly or shrinking in terms of employment Millions worked in restaurants, laundries and garment sweatshops Racial Issues at WorkOnly after 1960 did government begin to attack discrimination with any seriousness By 1961 only about 20% of collective bargaining agreements had anti-discrimination clauses Merged AFL-CIO admitted two railway brotherhoods with formal racial exclusions Civil Rights Act of 1964Minorities and Union OrganizingHospital and health care workers Agricultural workers Construction unions and their hiring halls Minority caucuses formed in most major industrial unionsZ AFL-CIO Support for Civil Rights!!(AFL-CIO supported civil rights movement Also supported racial integration Cost much of the southern labor movement many of its members 1971 Griggs v. Duke Power II. Evolution of strikesChanged pattern of strikes Exemplified by the 1959 steel strike Violence of earlier time periods subsided in most industries Unions failed in political efforts to repeal or modify Taft-Hartley III. AutomationHThe great automation debate Cause of much of the conflict of that period IV. Employee Health and SafetyTraditionally law dealt just with the consequences Federal Government now began to talk about taking responsibility for prevention of occupational injuries and accidents Mine Safety and Health Act Occupational Safety and Health Act  Next Time"Growth of public employee unionism  The 1960sClass 2 Excluded Workers Administrative Reading for next time on the 1970s and 1980s  none for next time but all to be done by the second classijReviewDual labor market at the beginning of the 1960s Government beginning to take responsibility for equal treatment in the labor market Changed pattern of industrial conflict Government taking responsibility for industrial health and safety TodayxLabor Movement in 1960 Exclusion of industry and occupational categories Growth in unionism for some of those categoriesy" y I. Labor Movement in 1960 What groups of industries and occupations were heavily unionized in 1960? Mass production industries: automobiles, steel, tires, electronics Construction: including relatively unskilled laborers Transportation: railroads, truck drivers, sailors, airlines Miners "KZZ"1II. Exclusion of Industry and Occupational Groups22(What industries and occupations were largely untouched by unionism? White collar, professional, managerial occupations Public sector employees Wholesale and retail trade Finance and Insurance Service industries Agriculture D# Exclusion#Managers Professionals Farm workers)III. Growth of Unionism in New Categories**(tFarm Workers Development of United Farm Workers in California Affiliated with AFL-CIO The Grape and Lettuce Boycotts&Growth of Unionism~Teachers What groups were involved in attempting to unionize teachers? How were the approaches of these two groups different? u(Growth of UnionismTeacher unionism part of growth of unionism by public employees Changes in legal situation New York Condon-Wadlin Taylor Law (1967) 8d d k)2Arguments for and against public sector bargaining33(Arguments against Sovereignty Doctrine Workers too likely to win strikes Civil Service already exists Arguments in favor Government workers should not be denied rights available to other workers Government as an employer acts much like other employersTZUZZZU,Growth of UnionismPublic sector went from one of least to one of most unionized sectors of the economy Teachers are now widely organized Collective Bargaining in school districts is absolutely the norm Teacher unions are among the most powerful lobbying groups in Washington and state capitals . 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