ࡱ> (%&'q?( / 0LDAriale00PP,ؖ-a0ؖ@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` ( \XF     !"#$%&'(+,-.01345678:;=?ACEIJKLMNOPQRSTVW 0AA@t ʚ;o*ʚ;g4QdQd&-a0ppp@ <4dddd))0P 0___PPT10 ___PPT9ld# ?  %O  =5The Progressive Era%Lecture 1 Groups Representing WorkersAdministrativeVExam Reminder Next quiz Feb 27 Mid-term March 19 Reading for Next Time Also have look at web pages on the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire and on the IWW Essay Reminder  March 12`#K#KReviewDNature of the new craft unionism  pure and simple unionism Origins and Founding of the American Federation of Labor  voluntarism The world of workers, 1880-1900TodayHI- The Winds of Reform II- Leading Groups Representing Worker InterestsIII. Winds of ReformZNational Efforts to control trusts and railroads Currency reform Efforts to reduce tariffsThe MuckrakerssLincoln Steffens exposed corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government Ida Tarbell published a devastating expose' of Standard Oil Co. Thomas Lawson exposed practices of stock speculators David Phillips in 1906 charged 75 of the 90 U.S. Senators represented railroad and trust interests rather than the people Upton Sinclair exposed the meat industry tPt ImpactLowered public esteem for business Increased public and political support for regulation of business including regulation of the work place Increased public and political support for worker organizations, i.e. unionsS1JImpact  Labor Protective Legislation&&( LaFollette Seamen s Act - 1915 Owens-Keating Act - 1916 Adamson Act -1916  D 0II. Leading Groups Representing Worker Interests11(ZThe American Federation of Labor The Socialist Party The Industrial Workers of the World American Federation of LaborNo business group was more politically conservative Continued to support craft unionism and voluntarism Supported the war effort and worked with the Wilson Administration  The Socialist PartyMany Socialist Groups Socialist Labor Party Daniel DeLeon Marxist Socialist Party Eugene V. Debs Believed in achieving power through the ballot boxL,B,B3[  Socialist PartyDidn t have much use for exclusive craft unionism Advocated industrial style unionism VW 1The Industrial Workers of the World: The Wobblies22()Founded in Chicago in 1905 Soon broke apart into factions Plenty of charismatic and able leaders to go around Included Debs, DeLeon, and Big Bill Haywood of the Western Federation of MinersZ}; IWW Philosophy<Various factions ranged from mildly liberal to extreme left Direct Action  economic and industrial action to eliminate capitalism Syndicalism  One Big UnionIWWNever terribly large membership Most successful at organizing low skilled workers whose work isolated them from the mainstream of society Even branch established in AustraliaDemise of the IWWBThe only worker group to actively oppose the war Imperial Wilhelm s Warriors In context of war-time chauvinism, IWW members frequently attacked and beaten and often jailed Many states passed anti-syndicalism laws Tactics like industrial unionism and sit-down strikes foreshadowed the 1930s"Z" Next TimejInjunctions Worker Health and Safety: The Triangle Shirt Waist Fire Legislative changes Workers during WWIThe Progressive EraNLecture 2 Triangle Shirt Waist Fire and Injunctions and Workers in World War IOOAdministrativeEssay Reminder Exam Reminder  quiz next class Hand out Definitions ReviewImpact of the muckrakers and the atmosphere of reform Groups seeking to represent the interests of workers American Federation of Labor The Socialist Party The Industrial Workers of the World&kUkU!TodayImpact of Radicalism The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire and Worker Health and Safety Development of the Labor Injunction The Clayton Anti-Trust Act Workers During the War" I. Impact of RadicalismMuch that we take for granted now was the work of socialists, syndicalists, anarchists and marxists in an earlier time period Many people fought, devoted their lives and died for these concepts,> _2I. Un-American Socialist Policies espoused by Debs33(Abolition of child labor Right of women to vote Progressive income tax Employer liability laws National department of education Pensions for both men and women ">II. The Triangle Shirt Waist Fire and Worker Health and Safety??(March 25, 1911 Where was the factory? Worst industrial fire in U.S. history, 146 young women died Why? What changes did the government make afterward?#(III. Development of the Labor Injunction))(Why issue an injunction? In principle, the idea is to preserve the status quo and thus not to prejudice claims of either party while merits of case heard &#Development of the Labor Injunction$$(First used in the 1880s First use by federal court was in the Pullman Strike of 1894 Became the dominant employer tool in strike situations 'Use of the Labor InjunctionMany courts issued them on an almost automatic basis Ex parte In Re Debs, the Supreme Court held that courts could enjoin strikes to prevent irreparable damage to the employer s expectation of future profits (Use of the Labor Injunction Frequently issued to prevent inducement to breach of contract Many state courts held closed shop illegal objective and enjoined strikes in support of it on grounds workers had no direct interest in it Similarly Secondary Activities frequently held illegal and enjoined$IV. The Clayton Anti-Trust ActAttempt to limit application of anti trust to unions and limit use of injunctions in labor disputes Provisions Labor not a commodity or article of commerce  perhaps intended to imply that control of labor market not restraint of trade Anti trust policy cannot prevent unions from lawfully carrying out their legitimate functions &oo1IV. The Clayton Anti-Trust ActdDuplex v. Deering S.C. 1921 The Law of Duplex Injunctions can still be issued routinely by courts in labor disputes Anti trust can still be applied to routine union activities &.. :%V. Workers During the WarA.F.L. and mainstream of labor movement completely loyal to the war effort Established National War Labor Board A.F.L. won de facto recognition from the government(KZI-Workers During the WarSocialist Party condemned the war Party attacked under the Espionage Act and the Sedition Act Its publications were banned from the mail Leaders indicted including Debs J.Workers During the WarGrowing number of women joined the union movement Immigrants from southern and eastern Europe also joined unions in record numbers African-Americans typically still not welcome, even in the north% Next Time-Quiz Labor Protective Legislation Begin Movie5 The Progressive Era Lecture 3 Protective Legislation6!AdministrativeReading for next topic7"ReviewrTriangle Shirtwaist Fire Development of Labor Injunctions Injunctions and Anti-trust Policy Workers during the war8#Today6 Immediate Post-war Period Sacco Vanzetti Trial - film6!6" 6?(I. Immediate Post-war Period 1919 Strike wave of unprecedented proportions in period of Red Scare Post Russian Revolution hysteria Setting of the strike wave in this period molded public attitudes even though A.F.L. was easily as Anti Communist as the National Association of ManufacturersL/Immediate Post-War PeriodGrowing interest among workers in political action Growth of labor parties in many states In 1919 split in Socialist Party that eventually produced the Communist Party Palmer raids on radical groups Movie on Sacco and Vanzetti trialA*1919 Boston Police StrikeACaused when police commissioner fired officers for union activity Argued unionism incompatible with loyalty required of police officers Strike broken by Massachusetts Governor Calvin Coolidge Called Massachusetts Guard Strikers fired Replaced by returning soldiers who received higher pay, more holidays and free uniforms*M0Employer ViewsContinued to oppose unionism In war period, Western Union fired 800 employees for union activity After the war, employers launched a new anti-union offensive ;& Next Time Finish film  /+,- . 0 3 4<CDHKNOPQRTUP,  0` 33` Sf3f` 33g` f` www3PP` ZXdbmo` \ғ3y`Ӣ` 3f3ff` 3f3FKf` hk]wwwfܹ` ff>>\`Y{ff` R>&- {p_/̴>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> f(    6^  `}  T Click to edit Master title style! !  0P`  `  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     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