•Agreements for fixed duration
–issues can still be raised any time
–absence of no‑strike clauses
•No
compulsory unionism
•Agreements
cover non‑unionists as well as unionists
•Bargaining
in public administration began only 1970
–Legal framework only formalized 1983
–Unlike private sector, some issues not bargainable
•3
levels of bargaining with functions varying over time